FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION
COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION-2026 FOR RECRUITMENT TO
POSTS IN BS-17 UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
POLITICAL SCIENCE, PAPER-I
TIME ALLOWED: THREE HOURS
(PART-I MCQs) MAXIMUM MARKS: 20
PART-I (MCQs): MAXIMUM 30 MINUTES
(PART-II) MAXIMUM MARKS: 80
NOTE: (i) First attempt PART-I (MCQs) on separate OMR Answer Sheet which shall be taken back after 30 minutes.
(ii) Overwriting/cutting of the options/answers will not be given credit.
(iii) There is no negative marking. All MCQs must be attempted.
PART-I (MCQs)(COMPULSORY)
Q.1. (i) Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate Box [ ] on the OMR Answer Sheet. (20×1=20)
(ii) Answers given anywhere else, other than OMR Answer Sheet, will not be considered.
1 Who is considered the father of modern Political Realism?
(A) Karl Marx (B) Adam Smith (C) John Locke (D) None of these
2 ________ is known as ‘The Second Teacher’ for preserving the works of Aristotle.
(A) Al-Mawardi (B) Al-Farabi (C) Al-Tusi (D) None of these
3 Which of the following is a key feature of a Parliamentary System?
(A) Fixed term for the executive (B) Direct election of the head of government (C) Fusion of powers between executive and legislature (D) None of these
4 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted in:
(A) 1945 (B) 1952 (C) 1950 (D) None of these
5 The “Clash of Civilizations” thesis was proposed by:
(A) Francis Fukuyama (B) Samuel Huntington (C) Noam Chomsky (D) None of these
6 The 18th Amendment in the Constitution of Pakistan is related to:
(A) Presidential powers (B) Local Government (C) Islamic provisions (D) None of these
7 Which of the following best defines ‘Comparative Politics’?
(A) The systematic comparison of different political systems (B) The study of political systems in isolation (C) The analysis of international treaties (D) None of these
8 The oldest approach to the study of Political Science is:
(A) Historical approach (B) Legal approach (C) Philosophical approach (D) None of these
9 The most essential feature of Federal government is:
(A) Division of Power (B) Separation of power (C) Signal citizenship (D) None of these
10 Westminster Model stands for a particular type of:
(A) State (B) Constitution (C) Government (D) None of these
11 Which one of the following governments operates on the principle of Collective Responsibility?
(A) Parliamentary Government (B) Federal state (C) Presidential Government (D) None of these
12 The central point of Social Contract Theory is that the state is:
(A) A man-made institution (B) Sovereign (C) Absolute (D) None of these
13 Imperialism refers to:
(A) Rule by a Priest (B) Influence by one nation over another (C) Mercantilism (D) None of these
14 “Muqaddamah” was the great work of:
(A) Al-Ghazali (B) Allama Iqbal (C) Al-Farabi (D) None of these
15 Edmund Burke was the first and most important exponent against the French Revolution. He is considered the leader of:
(A) Dictatorship (B) Monarchy (C) Clergy (D) Conservatism
16 According to Bentham, ‘greatest happiness of the greatest number’ is the measure of ________?
(A) Right (B) Wrong (C) Both (A) & (B) (D) None of these
17 According to ________, the purpose of a society is to pass its culture on to the next generation.
(A) Montesquieu (B) Ibn-e-Khaldun (C) Shah Waliullah (D) None of these
18 ________ is considered as the alternative to the ‘Theory of Utilitarianism’.
(A) Theory of Hegemony (B) Theory of Justice (C) Theory of Moral Rights (D) None of these
19 The most powerful institution in the parliamentary form of government is:
(A) Legislature (B) Executive (C) Judiciary (D) None of these
20 The local government enjoys ________ within the limits prescribed by statutes.
(A) No autonomy (B) Quasi autonomy (C) Autonomy (D) None of these
PART-II
NOTE: (i) Part-II is to be attempted on the separate Answer Book.
(ii) Attempt ONLY FOUR questions from PART-II, by selecting TWO questions from EACH SECTION. All questions carry EQUAL marks.
(iii) All the parts (if any) of each Question must be attempted at one place instead of at different places.
(iv) Write Q. No. in the Answer Book in accordance with Q. No. in the Q.Paper.
(v) No Page/Space be left blank between the answers. All the blank pages of Answer Book must be crossed.
(vi) Extra attempt of any question or any part of the question will not be considered.
SECTION-A
Q.No.2. Utilitarianism remains to be one of the most important ideologies of Western Political Thought. Explain Utilitarianism and write in detail about its application in contemporary times. (20)
Q.No.3. Analyze in detail Al-Ghazali’s Theory on the origin of the State. Explain its features. (20)
Q.No.4. Explain the concept of ‘End of History’ by Francis Fukuyama. Give your arguments in support of or against this concept. (20)
Q.No.5. Write detailed notes on any TWO of the following: (10 each) (20)
(a) The Epicureans
(b) Concept of Asbiya
(c) Aristotle’s scheme of ‘Government’
SECTION-B
Q.No.6. Political Culture and Political Participation are the backbones of Political System’s development. Keeping in view the statement, analyse different levels of political culture and modes of political participation. (20)
Q.No.7. Differentiate between Confederation and Federation. Explain the basic principles and prerequisites of an effective Federation. (20)
Q.No.8. Explain the thematic difference between Authoritarianism and Totalitarianism. (20)
ANSWER KEY
1 (D) None of these (Niccolo Machiavelli)
2 (B) Al-Farabi
3 (C) Fusion of powers between executive and legislature
4 (D) None of these (1948)
5 (B) Samuel Huntington
6 (A) Presidential powers (Curbed/altered presidential powers to restore parliamentary democracy)
7 (A) The systematic comparison of different political systems
8 (C) Philosophical approach
9 (A) Division of Power
10 (C) Government
11 (A) Parliamentary Government
12 (A) A man-made institution
13 (B) Influence by one nation over another
14 (D) None of these (Ibn Khaldun)
15 (D) Conservatism
16 (C) Both (A) & (B)
17 (B) Ibn-e-Khaldun
18 (B) Theory of Justice
19 (A) Legislature
20 (B) Quasi autonomy
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