Islam and Brotherhood 1 The Islamic concept of brotherhood is primarily based on: (a) Wealth (b) Faith and shared human and social responsibilities (c) Tribal identity (d) None of these 2 The Arabic concept commonly associated with brotherhood among believers is: (a) Ukhuwwah (b) Riba (c) Qiyas (d) None of these 3 The Quran describes…
Islam and Equality 1 The Islamic concept of equality is fundamentally based on: (a) Common human origin and equal moral worth (b) Wealth (c) Tribal status (d) None of these 2 According to the Quran, humanity was created from: (a) Separate races with different moral values (b) A single origin (c) Different social classes (d)…
Islam and Social Justice 1 Social justice in Islam primarily seeks to establish: (a) Fairness and fulfillment of rights (b) Wealth for a small group (c) Tribal privilege (d) None of these 2 The Quran repeatedly commands believers to uphold: (a) Justice (b) Tribalism (c) Economic monopoly (d) None of these 3 The Arabic term…
Islam and Human Dignity 1 The Islamic concept of human dignity is closely connected with: (a) Wealth and social status (b) Human creation and moral responsibility (c) Tribal identity only (d) None of these 2 According to the Quran, Allah honored: (a) Only rulers (b) Only believers (c) The children of Adam (d) None of…
Islam as a Complete Code of Life 1 Islam as a complete code of life means that Islam provides guidance for: (a) Worship only (b) Personal, social, moral, economic and spiritual life (c) Political matters only (d) None of these 2 Which concept emphasizes that Islam addresses both worldly and spiritual affairs? (a) Islam as…
Hegemony, Polarity and Power Transition Introduction The international system can be analyzed according to how power is distributed among major actors. Three important concepts in this context are hegemony, polarity and power transition. Hegemony Hegemony: A condition in which one state possesses sufficient material and other forms of influence to exercise predominant leadership within an…
Balance of Power and Balance of Threat Introduction The concepts of balance of power and balance of threat are central to theories of international security. Both concern how states respond to the capabilities and behaviour of other states. Balance of Power Balance of Power: A condition or strategy in which power is distributed among states…
National Power and Comprehensive National Power Introduction National power refers to the overall capabilities available to a state for pursuing its national interests. It is broader than military strength and includes economic, diplomatic, technological, demographic, geographic and institutional capabilities. The term Comprehensive National Power (CNP) is particularly associated with assessments of the combined capabilities of…
Hard Power, Soft Power and Smart Power Introduction States influence other actors through different forms of power. The concepts of hard power, soft power and smart power provide a useful framework for understanding the instruments of influence available to states. Hard Power Hard Power: The ability to influence behaviour through coercion, military force or material…
Power in International Relations Introduction Power is one of the central concepts of International Relations. It concerns the ability of states and other actors to influence behaviour, shape outcomes, control resources, resist pressure or achieve desired objectives. Power is not limited to military strength. Economic resources, diplomacy, technology, institutions, geography, population, political stability and international…
World Englishes, English in South Asia and the Future of English English is now a global language with speakers and users across every inhabited continent. It is used not only by people who learned it as a first language but also by millions who use it as a second or additional language. This global spread…
British, American and Other Major Varieties of English English exists in many varieties. These varieties share a common historical foundation but differ in pronunciation, vocabulary, spelling, grammar and usage. A variety of English is a form of English associated with a particular geographical, social, cultural or functional context. 1. British English British English refers broadly…
Modern English and the Evolution of Usage Modern English continues to change. Although spelling and grammar have become more standardized in many contexts, English remains dynamic. Changes occur in: vocabulary pronunciation grammar meaning spelling expressions communication styles regional varieties 1. Modern English Is Not Static Words that were once common may become rare or disappear….
Old English, Middle English and Early Modern English The history of English is often divided into major periods. These divisions are useful for understanding development, although the boundaries between periods are not absolute. The traditional periods are: Old English Middle English Early Modern English Modern English Each period has distinctive characteristics of vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation…
Origins and Development of the English Language English is one of the world’s most widely used languages, but it did not develop in isolation. Modern English is the result of centuries of linguistic change caused by migration, contact between languages, political events, trade, education, literature, science, technology and cultural exchange. English belongs to the Indo-European…
KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR THE POSTS OF PMS OFFICERS (BPS-17) PURE MATHEMATICS (PAPER-I) TIME ALLOWED: THREE HOURS Max. Marks: 100 Instructions: Attempt three questions from Section A and two questions from Section B. SECTION A Q1 (a) Let G be a group of non-zero complex numbers under multiplication and let N…
KPK, PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION Competitive Examination for the posts of PMS, 2016 PURE MATHEMATICS, PAPER II Time Allowed: 03 Hours Max. Marks: 100 Instructions: Attempt FIVE questions in all. Select THREE from section A and TWO from section B. All question carry equal marks. SECTION A Q1. (a) Evaluate the following: (i) \(\lim_{x \to 0}…
KPK. PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION Competitive Examination for the posts of PMS, 2016 PURE MATHEMATICS, PAPER I Time Allowed: 03 Hours Max. Marks: 100 Instructions: Attempt FIVE questions in all. Select THREE from section A and TWO from section B. All question carry equal marks. SECTION A Q1. (a) Define cyclic group? Find all the subgroups…
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Public Service Commission Competitive Examination for the Posts of Provincial Management Services (BPS-17), 2012 Pure Mathematics, Paper-I TIME ALLOWED: 03 HOURS MAX. MARKS: 100 Note: Attempt five questions in all, selecting at least two questions from each Section. Extra attempt of a question or part will not be considered. All questions carry equal…
Khyber Pakhtoon Khwa, Public Service Commission, Peshawar Competitive Examination for Provincial Management Service, 2013 Pure Mathematics, Paper-II Time Allowed: 03 Hours Max. Marks: 100 Instructions: Attempt FIVE questions in all, selecting at least TWO questions from each section. Do not use any list of formulae. All questions carry equal marks. SECTION – A Q1(a): Evaluate…