Book of Knowledge English

Part 1 — Foundations of English

1.1 Nature, Purpose and Functions of Language
1.2 English as a Global Language
1.3 Varieties, Registers and Contexts of English
1.4 Standard English and Language Norms
1.5 Basic Concepts of English Grammar and Usage

Part 2 — Sounds, Pronunciation and Spelling

2.1 Speech Sounds and the Sound System of English
2.2 Vowels, Consonants and Phonetic Basics
2.3 Stress, Rhythm, Intonation and Connected Speech
2.4 Pronunciation, Accent and Common Pronunciation Problems
2.5 Spelling, Pronunciation–Spelling Relationships and Common Spelling Errors

Part 3 — Words, Vocabulary and Word Formation

3.1 Words, Word Structure and Lexical Categories
3.2 Roots, Prefixes, Suffixes and Affixes
3.3 Word Formation and Derivation
3.4 Etymology and Origins of English Words
3.5 Vocabulary Building and Effective Word Choice

Part 4 — Parts of Speech

4.1 Nouns and Pronouns
4.2 Verbs and Auxiliary Verbs
4.3 Adjectives and Adverbs
4.4 Prepositions, Conjunctions and Interjections
4.5 Determiners and Articles

Part 5 — Nouns, Pronouns and Determiners

5.1 Nouns: Types, Number, Gender and Case
5.2 Countable, Uncountable and Collective Nouns
5.3 Pronouns and Their Uses
5.4 Articles: A, An and The
5.5 Determiners, Quantifiers, Demonstratives and Possessives

Part 6 — The Verb System

6.1 Understanding Verbs and Verb Types
6.2 Tense and Time
6.3 Aspect and Mood
6.4 Modal and Semi-Modal Verbs
6.5 Non-Finite Verbs: Infinitives, Gerunds and Participles

Part 7 — Sentence Structure

7.1 Elements and Building Blocks of Sentences
7.2 Sentence Types and Patterns
7.3 Phrases and Their Functions
7.4 Clauses and Their Functions
7.5 Coordination, Subordination and Complex Sentences

Part 8 — Agreement and Grammatical Relationships

8.1 Subject–Verb Agreement
8.2 Pronoun Agreement and Reference
8.3 Grammatical Number, Person and Case
8.4 Complements, Objects and Grammatical Functions
8.5 Common Agreement and Relationship Errors

Part 9 — Modifiers, Parallelism and Syntax

9.1 Adjectival and Adverbial Modification
9.2 Placement of Modifiers
9.3 Misplaced, Dangling and Ambiguous Modifiers
9.4 Parallelism and Balanced Construction
9.5 Advanced Syntax and Word Order

Part 10 — Voice, Speech and Sentence Transformation

10.1 Active and Passive Voice
10.2 Direct and Indirect Speech
10.3 Questions and Interrogative Structures
10.4 Negation and Negative Structures
10.5 Emphasis, Transformation and Structural Variation

Part 11 — Conditionals and Advanced Grammar

11.1 Conditional Sentences
11.2 Hypothetical and Unreal Constructions
11.3 The Subjunctive and Related Structures
11.4 Inversion, Ellipsis and Fronting
11.5 Advanced and Exceptional Grammatical Constructions

Part 12 — Meaning and Semantics

12.1 Meaning, Sense and Reference
12.2 Synonymy, Antonymy and Semantic Relationships
12.3 Homonyms, Homophones and Polysemy
12.4 Denotation, Connotation and Contextual Meaning
12.5 Ambiguity, Figurative Meaning and Semantic Change

Part 13 — Vocabulary in Use

13.1 Collocations and Natural Word Combinations
13.2 Phrasal Verbs and Multi-Word Verbs
13.3 Idioms and Fixed Expressions
13.4 Proverbs, Sayings and Common Expressions
13.5 Precision, Nuance and Appropriate Word Choice

Part 14 — Usage, Style and Clarity

14.1 Correctness, Usage and Common Grammar Problems
14.2 Concision and Economy of Expression
14.3 Precision, Clarity and Coherence
14.4 Formality, Informality, Tone and Register
14.5 Style, Naturalness and Effective Expression

Part 15 — Punctuation and Mechanics

15.1 Full Stops, Commas and Semicolons
15.2 Colons, Dashes, Hyphens and Parentheses
15.3 Apostrophes and Quotation Marks
15.4 Capitalization and Other Mechanics
15.5 Punctuation for Meaning, Clarity and Style

Part 16 — Figures of Speech and Rhetoric

16.1 Figurative Language and Imagery
16.2 Metaphor, Simile and Personification
16.3 Hyperbole, Irony, Paradox and Related Devices
16.4 Sound and Structural Devices
16.5 Rhetorical Devices and Persuasive Language

Part 17 — Reading and Comprehension

17.1 Reading Skills and Strategies
17.2 Main Ideas, Supporting Details and Organization
17.3 Inference, Context and Interpretation
17.4 Critical Reading and Evaluation
17.5 Literary, Academic and Informational Text Analysis

Part 18 — Writing

18.1 Sentence and Paragraph Writing
18.2 Descriptive, Narrative and Expository Writing
18.3 Argumentative and Persuasive Writing
18.4 Essays, Summaries, Precis and Other Forms
18.5 Coherence, Cohesion, Structure and Effective Style

Part 19 — Academic and Professional English

19.1 Academic Vocabulary and Academic Style
19.2 Academic and Research Writing
19.3 Reports, Official and Administrative Writing
19.4 Business and Professional Communication
19.5 Presentations, Technical Writing and Workplace English

Part 20 — Editing and Error Correction

20.1 Principles of Editing and Proofreading
20.2 Grammar and Sentence Correction
20.3 Vocabulary, Usage and Word-Choice Errors
20.4 Punctuation, Spelling and Structural Errors
20.5 Sentence Improvement and Advanced Error Analysis

Part 21 — History and Varieties of English

21.1 Origins and Development of the English Language
21.2 Old English, Middle English and Early Modern English
21.3 Modern English and the Evolution of Usage
21.4 British, American and Other Major Varieties of English
21.5 World Englishes, English in South Asia and the Future of English

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