Islamic Inheritance: 50 MCQs

1 What is the Arabic term commonly used for Islamic inheritance law?
(a) Faraid (b) Ijarah

2 Which primary sources establish the principal rules of Islamic inheritance?
(a) Custom alone (b) The Qur’an and Sunnah

3 Which Surah contains detailed inheritance provisions?
(a) Surah Al-Fil (b) Surah Al-Kawthar

4 Which verse group is especially well known for specifying inheritance shares?
(a) Surah An-Nisa 4:11–12 and 4:176 (b) Surah Al-Ikhlas 112:1–4

5 Before an estate is distributed among heirs, which obligations generally need to be addressed?
(a) Only gifts promised to friends (b) Only the heirs’ personal expenses

6 What is a wasiyyah?
(a) A will or bequest (b) A leasing contract

7 Under the commonly taught Sunni rule, a bequest to a non-heir is generally limited to what proportion of the net estate without heirs’ consent?
(a) One-half (b) One-third

8 Under the widely taught rule, can a bequest to a legal heir ordinarily be enforced without the other heirs’ consent?
(a) Always, regardless of circumstances (b) Yes, if it is written

9 Which family members are explicitly assigned inheritance shares in the Qur’an?
(a) Parents and children (b) Only business partners

10 In the standard Qur’anic rule, what is the son’s share relative to the daughter’s when they inherit together as children?
(a) Equal in every case (b) The male receives the share of two females

11 What is the basic Qur’anic share of a husband when his deceased wife leaves a child?
(a) One-half (b) One-third

12 What is the basic Qur’anic share of a husband when his deceased wife leaves no child?
(a) One-half (b) One-quarter

13 What is the basic Qur’anic share of a wife when her deceased husband leaves a child?
(a) One-half (b) One-eighth

14 What is the basic Qur’anic share of a wife when her deceased husband leaves no child?
(a) One-quarter (b) One-eighth

15 What is the basic share of a single daughter when the deceased leaves no son and the conditions for the Qur’anic fixed share are met?
(a) One-eighth (b) One-third

16 What is the collective fixed share of two or more daughters when the deceased leaves no son and the relevant Qur’anic conditions apply?
(a) One-half (b) Two-thirds

17 What is the usual fixed share of the deceased’s mother when the deceased leaves a child?
(a) One-sixth (b) One-half

18 What is the usual fixed share of the deceased’s father when the deceased leaves a son?
(a) One-half (b) One-third

19 Which term refers to heirs who receive specified shares?
(a) Asabah only (b) Ashab al-furud

20 What are asabah in inheritance terminology?
(a) Heirs who may receive the residue under the applicable rules (b) Charitable institutions

21 What is the meaning of hijab in inheritance law?
(a) A commercial guarantee (b) A voluntary donation

(c) Exclusion or reduction of an heir’s entitlement due to the presence of another heir, under applicable rules (d) None of these

22 What is radd in inheritance calculations?
(a) Returning a loan with interest (b) Returning a remaining estate surplus to eligible fixed-share heirs under applicable rules

23 What does awl refer to in Islamic inheritance arithmetic?
(a) A situation in which assigned shares exceed the estate’s total and are proportionately adjusted under applicable rules (b) A charitable endowment

24 What is the first step in calculating inheritance shares?
(a) Distributing the estate equally without identifying heirs (b) Giving the entire estate to the eldest relative

25 Which of the following is generally not an automatic legal heir merely by friendship?
(a) A qualifying spouse (b) A qualifying child

26 Which relationship normally establishes inheritance rights under Islamic law?
(a) A recognized family relationship, marriage, or another legally recognized basis (b) Membership in the same sports club

27 What is the role of a valid debt owed by the deceased?
(a) It is ignored if the deceased owned land (b) It is generally settled from the estate before distribution to heirs

28 Can an heir ordinarily inherit more merely because they are the eldest child?
(a) Yes, in every case (b) Yes, if the eldest is male

29 What is the general Islamic legal status of a woman’s right to inherit?
(a) She may inherit under the rules established by Islamic law (b) She is categorically excluded from inheritance

30 Which statement about inheritance shares is correct?
(a) All relatives always receive equal shares (b) Shares vary according to the heirs present and the applicable rules

31 What does the Qur’an state regarding parents’ shares when the deceased leaves children?
(a) Both parents are always excluded (b) The mother receives the entire estate

32 In the standard rule, what is the share of a wife if the deceased husband leaves no child?
(a) One-quarter (b) One-eighth

33 Which issue can affect the calculation of inheritance?
(a) The number and identity of surviving eligible heirs (b) The deceased’s favorite color

34 What does dhawu al-arham commonly refer to?
(a) Business creditors (b) Certain blood relatives who are not fixed-share heirs or residuaries in the technical classification

35 Why is identifying the deceased’s surviving relatives essential?
(a) It establishes which heirs qualify and how their shares are determined (b) It determines the price of goods in the market

36 Which statement about inheritance and debts is most accurate?
(a) Heirs must always distribute the estate before paying debts (b) Debts are cancelled automatically at death

37 What is the purpose of Islamic inheritance rules?
(a) To assign rights in an estate according to prescribed legal principles (b) To give all property automatically to the ruler

38 What does the term tarikah generally mean?
(a) A commercial profit ratio (b) The estate left by a deceased person

39 Which statement about adopted children and inheritance is most accurate in classical Islamic law?
(a) Adoption automatically creates the same lineage-based inheritance as biological parentage in every case (b) An adopted child can never receive any property

(c) Adoption alone does not ordinarily create automatic lineage-based inheritance, but a valid bequest or gift may provide for the child (d) None of these

40 What is the general effect of a valid lifetime gift?
(a) It is distinct from distributing an estate after death, subject to applicable legal requirements (b) It is automatically an inheritance share

41 Which term refers to the deceased’s surviving spouse?
(a) Mudharib (b) Warith

42 Why should complex inheritance cases be checked carefully?
(a) The shares are always identical (b) The presence of certain heirs may change or exclude other shares

43 What is a key difference between a fixed-share heir and a residuary heir?
(a) A fixed-share heir has a prescribed share under specified conditions, while a residuary heir may receive the remainder under applicable rules (b) A residuary heir is always a non-relative

44 Which statement best describes inheritance in Islam?
(a) It is based solely on the eldest relative’s decision (b) It is governed only by local custom

45 What should be determined before applying fixed inheritance fractions?
(a) Whether the deceased owned a business logo (b) The deceased’s social media following

46 What is the usual Qur’anic share of a single uterine sibling when the relevant conditions for the share apply?
(a) One-sixth (b) One-half

47 What is the collective Qur’anic share of two or more uterine siblings when the relevant conditions apply?
(a) One-quarter (b) One-third

48 What is a sound approach to a real inheritance dispute?
(a) Rely solely on an informal estimate (b) Ignore the existence of other heirs

49 Which factor alone does not automatically determine an heir’s prescribed share?
(a) The applicable inheritance rules (b) The surviving heirs and their relationships

50 Which statement best summarizes Islamic inheritance?
(a) It allocates an estate among eligible heirs under prescribed rules, after relevant prior obligations (b) It always awards the whole estate to the eldest son

Answer Key

1 (a) Faraid
2 (b) The Qur’an and Sunnah
3 (c) Surah An-Nisa
4 (a) Surah An-Nisa 4:11–12 and 4:176
5 (c) Funeral expenses, valid debts, and an applicable valid bequest, according to the relevant rules
6 (a) A will or bequest
7 (b) One-third
8 (c) Generally no, subject to the applicable school of law and the heirs’ consent
9 (a) Parents and children
10 (b) The male receives the share of two females
11 (c) One-quarter
12 (a) One-half
13 (b) One-eighth
14 (a) One-quarter
15 (c) One-half
16 (b) Two-thirds
17 (a) One-sixth
18 (c) One-sixth
19 (b) Ashab al-furud
20 (a) Heirs who may receive the residue under the applicable rules
21 (c) Exclusion or reduction of an heir’s entitlement due to the presence of another heir, under applicable rules
22 (b) Returning a remaining estate surplus to eligible fixed-share heirs under applicable rules
23 (a) A situation in which assigned shares exceed the estate’s total and are proportionately adjusted under applicable rules
24 (c) Identifying eligible heirs and the estate available for distribution after prior obligations
25 (c) A friend with no recognized inheritance relationship or valid bequest
26 (a) A recognized family relationship, marriage, or another legally recognized basis
27 (b) It is generally settled from the estate before distribution to heirs
28 (c) No, age alone does not automatically grant a larger prescribed share
29 (a) She may inherit under the rules established by Islamic law
30 (b) Shares vary according to the heirs present and the applicable rules
31 (c) Each parent has a one-sixth share under the relevant circumstances
32 (a) One-quarter
33 (a) The number and identity of surviving eligible heirs
34 (b) Certain blood relatives who are not fixed-share heirs or residuaries in the technical classification
35 (a) It establishes which heirs qualify and how their shares are determined
36 (c) Estate debts are generally addressed before the residue is distributed to heirs
37 (a) To assign rights in an estate according to prescribed legal principles
38 (b) The estate left by a deceased person
39 (c) Adoption alone does not ordinarily create automatic lineage-based inheritance, but a valid bequest or gift may provide for the child
40 (a) It is distinct from distributing an estate after death, subject to applicable legal requirements
41 (b) Warith
42 (b) The presence of certain heirs may change or exclude other shares
43 (a) A fixed-share heir has a prescribed share under specified conditions, while a residuary heir may receive the remainder under applicable rules
44 (c) It is governed by recognized legal sources and rules concerning eligible heirs and shares
45 (c) The net estate available after relevant prior obligations and the eligible heirs
46 (a) One-sixth
47 (b) One-third
48 (c) Obtain qualified legal and religious guidance based on the facts and applicable law
49 (c) Personal popularity within the family
50 (a) It allocates an estate among eligible heirs under prescribed rules, after relevant prior obligations

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Islamic Inheritance: 50 MCQs

Answer Key

Islamic Inheritance: 50 MCQs

Answer Key

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