Economic Diplomacy 1. Introduction Economic diplomacy is the use of diplomatic relations, economic instruments and international negotiations to advance a state’s economic and strategic interests. In the contemporary international system, economics and foreign policy are deeply interconnected. Trade, investment, energy, technology, finance and supply chains can influence national security and international power. Consequently, economic diplomacy…
Indian Ocean Geopolitics Introduction The Indian Ocean is one of the world’s most strategically important maritime regions. It connects Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, Southeast Asia and Australia and serves as a major route for international trade and energy transportation. Indian Ocean geopolitics concerns the interaction of maritime geography, trade, energy, naval power, ports,…
Indo-Pacific Strategy and Rivalries Introduction The Indo-Pacific is a geopolitical concept that combines the Indian and Pacific Ocean regions into a single strategic and economic space. The concept has gained importance because of the growing economic and strategic connections between East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, Australia, the Indian Ocean and the Pacific. The Indo-Pacific…
India-China Strategic Competition Introduction India-China relations are shaped by cooperation, competition and unresolved strategic disputes. The two countries are major Asian powers with large populations, substantial economies, nuclear capabilities and growing international influence. Their relationship is particularly important because of the unresolved boundary dispute, competition for regional influence, trade and technology, the Indian Ocean, infrastructure…
China-Pakistan Relations and CPEC Introduction China-Pakistan relations constitute an important bilateral relationship in South Asian and Asian geopolitics. The relationship includes diplomatic, economic, military, infrastructure, energy and regional dimensions. A central component of the economic relationship is the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), which forms part of China’s Belt and Road Initiative. The relationship is significant…
Afghanistan and Regional Security Introduction Afghanistan occupies a strategically important position at the intersection of South Asia, Central Asia and the broader Middle East. Its geography has historically connected major regional powers, trade routes and political spheres of influence. Afghanistan’s regional importance derives from its location, borders, security environment, ethnic and social connections across neighbouring…
Public Diplomacy 1. Introduction Traditional diplomacy primarily involves communication between governments. Public diplomacy extends this process by seeking to communicate with foreign publics and influence how a country is understood abroad. It has become increasingly important because international reputation, culture, information and public perceptions can affect a state’s ability to achieve its foreign-policy objectives. 2….
Shuttle Diplomacy 1. Introduction Shuttle diplomacy is a form of mediation in which a diplomat or political leader travels between two or more parties that are unwilling or unable to meet directly. Instead of bringing the parties together immediately, the mediator communicates separately with each side and carries proposals, responses and compromises between them. 2….
Summit Diplomacy 1. Introduction Summit diplomacy refers to direct diplomatic engagement between senior political leaders, usually heads of state or government. It provides leaders with an opportunity to address major strategic issues, resolve disputes, negotiate agreements and establish political understanding at the highest level. Summit meetings have become an important feature of modern international relations,…
Coercive Diplomacy 1. Introduction Diplomacy is commonly associated with negotiation, persuasion and cooperation. However, states sometimes attempt to influence the behavior of another state by threatening or applying pressure. Coercive diplomacy refers to the use of diplomatic pressure, backed by credible threats or limited force, to persuade an adversary to change its behavior without resorting…
Alliances and Alignment 1. Introduction Alliances and alignment are central features of international politics. States rarely operate entirely in isolation. They form relationships with other states to improve security, increase diplomatic influence, obtain economic advantages and respond to changes in the international balance of power. An alliance normally involves a commitment to cooperate for specific…
Hajj 1 Hajj is: (a) The pilgrimage to Makkah (b) The Friday prayer (c) The payment of Zakat (d) None of these 2 Hajj is one of the: (a) Five Pillars of Islam (b) Six articles of faith (c) Sources of Islamic law (d) None of these 3 Hajj is obligatory for a Muslim who:…
Sawm 1 Sawm means: (a) Fasting (b) Prayer (c) Charity (d) None of these 2 Fasting during Ramadan is: (a) One of the Five Pillars of Islam (b) One of the six articles of faith (c) A form of Zakat (d) None of these 3 The obligatory fast of Ramadan is prescribed in: (a) The…
Zakat 1 Zakat is one of the: (a) Five Pillars of Islam (b) Six articles of faith (c) Sources of Islamic law (d) None of these 2 The word Zakat carries meanings including: (a) Purification and growth (b) Warfare and conquest (c) Migration and travel (d) None of these 3 Zakat is primarily: (a) An…
Salah 1 Salah is: (a) The ritual prayer in Islam (b) A form of taxation (c) A pilgrimage ceremony (d) None of these 2 How many obligatory prayers are performed daily by Muslims? (a) Three (b) Four (c) Five (d) None of these 3 The first obligatory prayer of the day is: (a) Fajr (b)…
Shahadah 1 What is the Shahadah? (a) The declaration of faith in Islam (b) The Friday sermon (c) The pilgrimage to Makkah (d) None of these 2 The first part of the Shahadah affirms: (a) Prophethood only (b) The oneness of Allah (c) The obligation of Hajj (d) None of these 3 The second part…
Balochistan Public Service Commission Samungli Road, Quetta Cantt. COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR THE POST(S) OF BCS (EB) OFFICER B-17 ECONOMICS Marks: 150 Friday, March 16, 2007 (12:30 PM) Time: 03 Hours Note: Attempt any Five questions. All questions carry equal marks. Q-1. Discuss the importance of Capital Formation in economic development. Why capital formation is low…
BALOCHISTAN PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION 2021 FOR RECRUITMENT TO THE POSTS OF ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER/SECTION OFFICER (B-17) IN THE SERVICES & GENERAL ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT ECONOMICS July 09, 2021 Total Marks 150 Time Allowed 03 Hours NOTE i Attempt any five questions, all questions carry equal marks ii All the parts (if any) of each Question…
BALOCHISTAN PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION Samungli Road, Quetta Cantt. COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR THE POST(S) OF BCS (EB) OFFICER B-17 / SECTION OFFICER B-17 GEOLOGY Total Marks 150 Monday, February 02, 2009 Time Allowed: 03 Hours Note: Attempt any Five questions. All questions carry equal marks. Q 1. Describe briefly igneous rocks exposed in Balochistan giving their…
BALOCHISTAN PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION Samungli Road, Quetta Cantt. COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR THE POST(S) OF BCS (EB) OFFICER B-17 GEOLOGY Marks:150 Saturday, March 17, 2007 (02:30 PM) Time: 03 Hours Note: Attempt any Five questions. Question No.1 is Compulsory. All questions carry equal marks. Make sketches and diagrams where necessary. Q 1. Fill in the blanks:…