PAPER – I Total Marks: 100
Table of Contents
Anatomy and Physiology
General terms used in Anatomy and Physiology. Anatomy and Physiology of different systems such as Digestive System, Cardiovascular System, Respiratory System, uro-general system, Endocrine Glands, Nervous System, Sense Organs.
Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of different systems of various domestic animals.
Pharmacology and Toxicology
Terminology Drug development and drug regulation. Sources of drugs and drugs classification. Physicochemical properties of drugs, Disposition and bioavailability of drugs. Structure activity and dose response relationship, Drug Resistance, Drug safety, adverse effects, tissue residue and public health. Pharmacology of drugs affecting various systems, Chemotherapeutic agents, antibiotics, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic drugs. Terms used in toxicology, Forensic toxicology, Sources of poisoning and poisonous plants. Specific and non specific antidote therapy.
Parasitology
Effects of parasites on their host and their economic significance. Immunity and resistance of parasites. Mode of action of anti-parasitic drugs. Parasitic zoonoses examples, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Pathogenesis and control of various parasites such as Protozoa (Trypanosoma, Toxoplasma, Babesia, Theileria, Coccidia, Etc). Helminthes (Ascariasis, strongylosis, haemonchus, ostertagia, fasciolosis, schistosoma, Ectoparasites (mange, mite, ticks, flies).
Microbiology
General Microbiology, Diversity of Microbes, Prokaryotes Vs Eukaryotes. Physicochemical requirements of microbes. Microbial preservation and microbial genetics. Immunity natural and acquired. Antigen antibody essential features. Macrophage, B and T lymphocytes Immunoglobulin, regulation of immune response. Theories of antibody formation. Vaccines production, vaccination, autoimmunity., autoimmune diseases. Bacteriology and mycology classification, general characters disease association and diagnosis. Virology properties of viruses and classification, Bacteriophages, Physicochemical characteristics, isolation, identification, immunity and disease association, Important viral diseases, rabies, rinderpest, Foot and mouth disease, PRR, BVD, BSE, ND, Avian Influenza, etc.
Pathology
Common terms, cell injuries and cell death. Disturbance of circulation, inflammation, repair and healing of wounds and fractures. Neoplasia its cause and classification. Pathology of different organs. Meat inspection. Characteristics of good quality meat, differentiation of meat of different animals. Objectives of meat inspection Ante-mortem and postmortem examination. Specific and non specific lesions. Disposal of condemned meat. Laws governing meat inspection in Pakistan. Collection preservation and dispatch of laboratory specimens. Hematological examination and its significance. Bone marrow evaluation, urine and faecal examination, liver and kidney function test. Plasma protein profile, electrolyte and acid base balance. Exfoliative cytology.
Reproduction
Regulation of hormones, Physiology of estrous cycle. Fertilization, Implantation, gestation and parturition, male reproductive system. Biotechnology and recent trends. Artificial insemination technique, estrus synchronization, embryo transfer, Genetic engineering, nuclear transfer and cloning. Disease of reproduction, cervicovaginal prolapse, postpartum complications, uterine infections, infertility problems, Genetic and acquired abnormalities of testis accessory sex glands and infertility problems in males.
Veterinary Medicine
General Terms (Fever, Toxemia, Septicemia, Anaphylaxis, Shock, etc.) Diseases of different systems: G.I.T. (Acidosis, Tympany, Enteritis, equine colic) Liver (hepatitis, jaundice, cholilithiasis) Respiratory system (rhinitis, laryngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, hydrothorax, epistaxis, pleurisy). Nervous Systems (encephalitis, meningitis) Urinary System (Nephritis, Urolithiasis, Pyelonephritis, Cystitis) Others (arthritis, Osteomyelitis, Dermatitis, Seborrhea, Photosensitization, Tumors, Cysts, Keratoconjunctivitis, Cataract, Glaucoma, Otitis), Infectious and Non-Infectious diseases of domestic animals.
Surgery
Fluid replacement therapy and blood transfusion. Management of accidents shock and emergency cases. Small/Large Animal Surgery. General Surgical considerations. Fluid therapy in surgical patients, tissue regeneration, wound healing. Scope of radiology in Veterinary Practice X-ray machine and its working. Nature and production X-ray exposure factors. Radiation hazards and protection X-ray film and its type. Processing of Films. Basic principles to study radiograph. Qualities of good radiograph. Shoeing and its evaluation. Blemishes and vices in animals. Soundness examination, colours and marking in equines.
Veterinary Epidemiology
Principles of epidemiology and its relation to public health. Determinants of disease, Vital Statistics, Incidence, Prevalence, Patterns and disease ecology. Surveillance and monitoring, data collection and interpretation. Analytical epidemiology, Cohort or prospective study, case-control or retrospective study. Experimental epidemiology, clinical trials, field trial or community trials. Epidemic investigation. Control and eradication of transboundary and other infectious diseases. Diseases transmissible to human beings through milk and other diary products, Meat, Poultry and other foods. Urine and feces of animals. Environment and residues. Sanitary and phytosanitary measures for the prevention of disease during export and import livestock products. Role of veterinary public health in producing safe human food according to WTO standards. Personal hygiene and public sanitation. Active and passive surveillance. Writing a research report.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Cunnigham. I. G. 2002. Text Book of Veterinary Physiology. W. B. Sanders Co. 3rd Edition. USA.
2. Adams. H.R., 2001. Veterinary Pharmacology & therapeutics, 8th Ed. Lowa State University Press USA.
3. Urquhart. G.M.J. Armour, J.L. Duncan. A.M. Dunna and F.W. Jennings. 2000. “Veterinary Pharasitiology”. Longman Scienctific and Technical, UK.
4. Quinn, P.J., 2002. veterinary Microbiology and Microbial Disease. 1st. Ed. Blackwell Science, Ltd., USA.
5. Latimer, K.S., E.A. Mahaffey and K.W. Prasse, 2003. Duncan & Prasse’s Veterinary Laboratory Medicine Clinical Pathology. 4th Ed., lowa State Press. Ames, lowa, USA.
6. Kumar, V.R.S. Cotran and S.L. Robbins, 2003. Robbins Basic Pathology, 7th Ed., Saunders, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
7. Hafez, E.S.E., 2000. Reproduction in Farm Animals. 7th Edition., Lea and Febiger, Philadephia, USA.
8. Radosits, O.M., C.C. Gay, D.C. Blood and K.W. Hincheliff, 2000. veterinary Medicine, 9th Ed. Bailliere Tindall, London, U.K.
9. Thrusfield, M., 2005, Veterinary Epidemiology, 3rd Ed. Blackwell Science, London, UK.
10. Jones, H.J., M. W. Hubbert and H. Hagstard, 200. zoonoses-Recognition. Control and Preventio. Blackwell Science, Ltd., Oxford, UK.