Past Papers Balochistan PCS English Literature
Past Papers Balochistan PCS English Literature
Human Rights
Introduction Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status. Human rights include the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of opinion and expression, the right to work and education, and many more. Everyone is entitled to these…
Corruption
Corruption 1 Definition Corruption is the abuse of entrusted power, authority or public office for private or sectional gain. It occurs when an individual or institution uses a position of trust to obtain an improper benefit, influence a decision unfairly, or divert public resources for personal interests. Corruption is not limited to the exchange of…
Palestine Issue
Land of Palestine 1250 B.C. The Israelites (Jews or Hebrews) settle in Canaan (part of modern day Israel) after having fled slavery by the Egyptians. 1000 B.C. The Philistines battle the Israelites for control over Canaan. King David conquers the Philistine armies and makes Jerusalem the capital of the kingdom of Israel. His son, King…
SCO Shanghai Cooperation Organization
Introduction The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is a permanent intergovernmental international organisation, the creation of which was announced on 15 June 2001 in Shanghai (China) by the Republic of Kazakhstan, the People’s Republic of China, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Tajikistan, and the Republic of Uzbekistan. It was preceded by the…
CW Commonwealth of Nations
Commonwealth of Nations 1. Introduction The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, most of which were formerly part of the British Empire. It represents a unique global partnership built on shared history, language, legal traditions, and common values such as democracy, human rights, and the rule of law. Today, it…
ECO Economic Cooperation Organization
Introduction Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), is an intergovernmental regional organization established in 1985 by Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey for the purpose of promoting economic, technical and cultural cooperation among the Member States. ECO is the successor organization of Regional Cooperation for Development (RCD) which remained in existence since 1964 up to 1979. In 1992, the…
UNO United Nations Organization
Introduction United Nations (UN), international organization established on October 24, 1945. The United Nations (UN) was the second multipurpose international organization established in the 20th century that was worldwide in scope and membership. Its predecessor, the League of Nations, was created by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 and disbanded in 1946. Headquartered in New…
Unemployment
Unemployment 1 Introduction Unemployment is one of the most important economic and social issues of the modern world. It represents the underutilization of human resources and occurs when people who are available for work and seeking employment cannot find suitable jobs. The consequences extend far beyond loss of income. Persistent unemployment can contribute to poverty,…
Sustainable Development Goals
Millennium Development Goals In September 2000, the United Nations adopted a United Nations Millennium Declaration chalking out 8 time-bound targets with a deadline of 2015 known as Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The Eight Millennium Development Goals are: 1 to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger; 2 to achieve universal primary education; 3 to promote gender equality…
OIC Organization of Islamic Cooperation
OIC Organization of Islamic Cooperation Introduction The Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) is the second largest inter-governmental organisation after the United Nations, with the membership of 57 states, covering four continents. The organization states that it is “the collective voice of the Muslim world” and works to “safeguard and protect the interests of the Muslim…
WTO World Trade Organization
Introduction The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. WTO agreements are negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world’s trading nations and ratified in their parliaments. The primary purpose of the WTO is to open trade for the benefit of all which aims to…
SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
Introduction The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is the regional intergovernmental organization of the countries of South Asia. The 8 member states are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. SAARC comprises 3% of the world’s area and 21% of the world’s population. SAARC was founded in Dhaka, Bangladesh on…
Kurdistan
Introduction The Kurdish issue has long haunted the Middle East, reflecting the complex regional ethnic conflicts that has given rise to the Kurdish resistance and independence movement. Kurds Ethnicity Kurd are an Iranian ethnic and linguistic group living in the Taurus Mountains of southeastern Anatolia, the Zagros Mountains of western Iran, portions of northern…
- 1
- 2