FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION
COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION-2026 FOR RECRUITMENT
TO POSTS IN BS-17 UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
GEOGRAPHY
TIME ALLOWED: THREE HOURS
(PART-I MCQs): MAXIMUM MARKS: 20
PART-I (MCQs): MAXIMUM 30 MINUTES
(PART-II): MAXIMUM MARKS: 80
NOTE: (i) First attempt PART-I (MCQs) on separate OMR Answer Sheet which shall be taken back after 30 minutes.
(ii) Overwriting/cutting of the options/answers will not be given credit.
(iii) There is no negative marking. All MCQs must be attempted.
PART-I (MCQs) COMPULSORY
Q1 (i) Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate box [] on the OMR Answer Sheet. (20×1=20)
(ii) Answers given anywhere other than OMR Answer Sheet shall not be considered.
1 Ozone layer in the __________ protects us by blocking harmful ultraviolet radiation from space.
(A) Troposphere (B) Exosphere (C) Thermosphere (D) None of these
2 Solar radiation received by the Earth system, known as:
(A) Convection (B) Insolation (C) Radiation (D) None of these
3 The amount of __________ controls the duration of solar radiation.
(A) Daylight (B) Lunar light (C) Solar light (D) None of these
4 __________ is a process in which water vapor converts into liquid.
(A) Convection (B) Sublimation (C) Condensation (D) None of these
5 Geologists believe that many deformations in the earth’s crust occur due to:
(A) Tectonic forces (B) Seismic force (C) Convection force (D) None of these
6 A mass of solid rock that has not been weathered is called:
(A) Regolith (B) Bedrock (C) Solid rock (D) None of these
7 __________ is a place where any element of culture originates.
(A) Cultural Hearth (B) Core (C) Cultural Realm (D) None of these
8 Shifting cultivation is a form of __________, which involves a kind of natural rotation system.
(A) Commercial farming (B) Dairy farming (C) Subsistence farming (D) None of these
9 A labor market characterized by freelance work is known as:
(A) Mixed economy (B) Market economy (C) Free Labor Economy (D) None of these
10 According to the __________ rule, the second largest city is one-half the size of the largest city.
(A) Rank-size (B) Primacy (C) Logistic (D) None of these
11 In the North American cities, the Central Business District is commonly called:
(A) City Centre (B) Commercial centre (C) Shanty town (D) None of these
12 In the Concentric Zones model, urban land is organized in rings around:
(A) Sectors (B) CBD (C) Core (D) None of these
13 When an unsaturated parcel of air is cooled, the air will be saturated due to decreasing temperature, known as:
(A) Dew point temperature (B) Adiabatic temperature (C) Katabatic temperature (D) None of these
14 __________ are high-pressure systems in which atmospheric pressure decreases toward the outer limits of the system.
(A) Tornado (B) Anticyclone (C) Cyclone (D) None of these
15 A soil sample that is 20% silt, 30% clay, and 50% sand is referred to as:
(A) Sandy loamy soil (B) Loamy soil (C) Sandy-silty-clay soil (D) None of these
16 __________ is an area of externally forced ethnic or racial separation.
(A) An Enclave (B) A Ghetto (C) Forced territory (D) None of these
17 Pastoralism is a __________ activity that involves the breeding and herding of animals to fulfill the need for food, clothing, and shelter.
(A) Subsistence (B) Commercial (C) Dairy farming (D) None of these
18 __________ is a form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area.
(A) Animals grazing (B) Market gardening (C) Ranching (D) None of these
19 A language used to make communication possible between people who do not share a native language, is called:
(A) Pidgin (B) Tautonymy (C) Lingua Franca (D) None of these
20 There are two main components of __________: the children and aged population.
(A) Aging index (B) Children-Aged Ratio (C) Dependency ratio (D) None of these
PART – II
NOTE: (i) Part-II is to be attempted on the separate Answer Book.
(ii) Attempt ONLY FOUR questions from PART-II by selecting TWO questions from EACH SECTION. All questions carry TWENTY marks.
(iii) All the parts (if any) of each Question must be attempted at one place instead of in different places.
(iv) Write Q. No. in the Answer Book in accordance with Q. No. in the Q. Paper.
(v) No Page/Space be left blank between the different pages of Answer Book. All the blank pages of Answer Book must be crossed.
(vi) Extra attempt of any question or any part of question will not be considered.
SECTION – I
Q. No. 2 Which landscape features indicate that a region is undergoing periglacial processes? What are glacial advance and retreat, and what is their relationship to the glacial state of equilibrium? (20)
Q. No. 3 What factors affected the discharge of a stream? How did changes in sea level during the Pleistocene cause the formation of stream terraces? (20)
Q. No. 4 What factors are involved in the formation of soil? Describe various ways in which temperature and precipitation are related to soil formation. How does chernozem soil differ from podzol soil? (20)
Q. No. 5 What is the relationship between ocean currents and global surface wind systems? How does the gyre in the Northern Hemisphere differ from the one in the Southern Hemisphere? (20)
SECTION – II
Q. No. 6 What is suburban sprawl? Discuss the causes of suburban sprawl. How is the smart growth concept a compact city solution to suburban sprawl? (20)
Q. No. 7 How is the form of rural settlements in Pakistan different from the United States? Discuss the structure of the Kraal settlement of Africa. (20)
Q. No. 8 What is tourism? Describe the main types of international tourism and their global patterns. How does international tourism contribute to the economy of countries? (20)
Answer Key Q 1
1 (B) Insolation
2 (B) Insolation
3 (A) Daylight
4 (C) Condensation
5 (A) Tectonic forces
6 (B) Bedrock
7 (A) Cultural Hearth
8 (C) Subsistence farming
9 (D) None of these
10 (A) Rank-size
11 (D) None of these
12 (B) CBD
13 (A) Dew point temperature
14 (B) Anticyclone
15 (A) Sandy loamy soil
16 (B) A Ghetto
17 (A) Subsistence
18 (C) Ranching
19 (C) Lingua Franca
20 (C) Dependency ratio
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