FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION
COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION-2026 FOR RECRUITMENT
TO POSTS IN BS-17 UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
HISTORY OF PAKISTAN & INDIA
TIME ALLOWED: THREE HOURS (PART-I MCQs) MAXIMUM MARKS: 20
PART-I (MCQs) : MAXIMUM 30 MINUTES (PART-II) MAXIMUM MARKS: 80
NOTE: (i) First attempt PART-I (MCQs) on separate OMR Answer Sheet which shall be taken back after 30 minutes.
(ii) Overwriting/cutting of the options/answers will not be given credit.
(iii) There is no negative marking. All MCQs must be attempted.
PART-I MCQs(COMPULSORY)
Q.1 (i) Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate Box on the OMR Answer Sheet, which will not be considered.
(ii) Answers given anywhere else, other than OMR Answer Sheet, will not be considered.
1 The cultural development of Ghazni under Mehmood suggests that empire expand its influence mainly by:
(A) Destroying local institutions (B) Investing in architecture, Scholarship and art
(C) Eliminating foreign ideas (D) None of these
2 The overall character of Tughlaq rule reflects which broader trend in medieval Indian Government:
(A) Complete political centralization (B) Avoidance of innovation
(C) Attempts to combine ambitious reforms with complex administrative structure (D) None of these
3 Jahangir faced major rebellion from which group during his reign:
(A) His own son Khusrau (B) The Marathas (C) The British Settlers (D) None of these
4 Which Treaty caused anger among Indian Muslims and sparked the Khilafat Movement:
(A) Treaty of Paris (B) Treaty of Versailles (C) Treaty of Sevres (D) None of these
5 Mahatma Gandhi attended which session of the Round Table Conference:
(A) 1st (B) 2nd (C) 3rd (D) None of these
6 The failure of the Cripps Mission demonstrated that:
(A) Congress and Muslim league were incompatible at that stage (B) Strengthens the presidential power
(C) All Indians supported British war effort (D) None of these
7 The 21st amendment is related to:
(A) Creation of Military courts for terrorism cases (B) Strengthens the presidential power
(C) Dissolving the Supreme Court (D) None of these
8 Which body served as Pakistan’s first Central Legislature after independence?
(A) Senate of Pakistan (B) National Assembly of Pakistan
(C) Constituent Assembly of Pakistan (D) None of these
9 Which leader was most associated with mobilizing Punjab’s Muslims for the Pakistan Movement?
(A) Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan (B) Allama Iqbal (C) Malik Khizr Hayat Tiwana (D) None of these
10 The constitutional significance of the Objective Resolution lies in its text and more in its life?
(A) Immediate enforceability (B) Symbolic appeal to religious sentiment
(C) Replacement of British legal traditions (D) Long-term interpretative flexibility for state power
11 The repeated failure of parliamentary democracy (1947-58) reflects a structural problem wherein:
(A) The military dominated policymaking (B) The executive overshadowed the legislature and judiciary
(C) Political elites failed to internalize constitutionalism (D) Provincial autonomy was excessive
12 The Doctrine of Necessity institutionalized authoritarianism primarily because it:
(A) Legalized military rule retroactively (B) Normalized extra-constitutional interventions
(C) Strengthened judicial independence (D) Reduced executive arbitrariness
13 The 1965 War revealed that Pakistan’s strategic planning suffered primarily from:
(A) Military inferiority (B) Economic constraints
(C) Weak public morale (D) Overestimation of international diplomatic support
14 The durability of the 1973 Constitution stems from its ability to:
(A) Prevent military coups (B) Adapt through political consensus despite authoritarian interruptions
(C) Eliminate institutional conflict (D) Guarantee economic equality
15 The 1977 political crisis underscores that electoral legitimacy collapses when:
(A) Judiciary becomes politicized (B) Opposition lacks leadership
(C) Transitions exclude procedural fairness (D) Economic growth declines
16 Democratic instability in the 1990s reflects not constitutional failure but:
(A) Excessive presidential authority (B) Lack of federalism
(C) Absence of electoral competition (D) Personalized politics and institutional distrust
17 Pakistan’s nuclearization in 1998 should be interpreted primarily as:
(A) A strategic necessity shaped by security asymmetry (B) A reaction to international isolation
(C) A quest for regional dominance (D) An economic miscalculation
18 The Lawyers’ Movement (2007) altered Pakistan’s power structure by:
(A) Depoliticizing the judiciary (B) Ending civil-military imbalance
(C) Weakening political parties (D) Reasserting constitutional supremacy over authoritarian legality
19 The 18th Amendment represents a historic rupture because it:
(A) Centralized power in parliament (B) Reversed decades of executive authoritarianism
(C) Eliminated all constitutional ambiguities (D) Reduced provincial powers
20 A critical reading of Pakistan’s post-1947 history suggests that the central paradox of the state is:
(A) Economic underdevelopment (B) External dependence
(C) Ethnic diversity (D) A strong state with weak democratic legitimacy
PART-II
NOTE (i) Part-II is to be attempted on the separate Answer Book.
(ii) Attempt ONLY FOUR questions from PART-II. ALL questions carry EQUAL marks.
(iii) All the parts (if any) of each Question must be attempted at one place instead of at different places.
(iv) Write Q. No. in the Answer Book in accordance with Q. No. in the Q.Paper.
(v) No Page/Space be left blank between the answers. All the blank pages of Answer Book must be crossed.
(vi) Extra attempt of any question or any part of the question will not be considered.
Q. No. 2 Critically examine the significance of Quaid-e-Azam’s 11th August, 1947 speech in understanding the ideological foundation of Pakistan. (20)
Q. No. 3 Critically analyse how Islamic provisions were incorporated into the Constitution of 1973. Do these provisions strengthen the Islamic character of the State? (20)
Q. No. 4 Evaluate the Nationalization Policy of the Bhutto Era. Did it promote the social justice or undermine economic efficiency? (20)
Q. No. 5 Critically analyze how the political and philosophical ideas of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Allama Muhammad Iqbal and Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah collectively shaped the foundation of the Two Nation Theory. (20)
Q. No. 6 “Pakistan’s decision to join the American bloc during the early Cold War era was driven more by security anxieties than ideological alignment.” Critically analyze this statement. (20)
Q. No. 7 To what extent can the Khilafat Movement be understood as a struggle for Muslim political identity rather than merely a reaction to the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire? Discuss how the movement shaped the intellectual and political consciousness of Indian Muslims. (20)
Q. No. 8 The Lahore Resolution is often described as the foundational blueprint for the creation of Pakistan. To what extent did it shape the constitutional, ideological, and political contours of the new state? (20)
Answer Key Q 1
1 (B) Investing in architecture, Scholarship and art, 2 (C) Attempts to combine ambitious reforms with complex administrative structure, 3 (A) His own son Khusrau, 4 (C) Treaty of Sevres, 5 (B) 2nd, 6 (A) Congress and Muslim league were incompatible at that stage, 7 (A) Creation of Military courts for terrorism cases, 8 (C) Constituent Assembly of Pakistan, 9 (B) Allama Iqbal, 10 (D) Long-term interpretative flexibility for state power, 11 (C) Political elites failed to internalize constitutionalism, 12 (B) Normalized extra-constitutional interventions, 13 (D) Overestimation of international diplomatic support, 14 (B) Adapt through political consensus despite authoritarian interruptions, 15 (C) Transitions exclude procedural fairness, 16 (D) Personalized politics and institutional distrust, 17 (A) A strategic necessity shaped by security asymmetry, 18 (D) Reasserting constitutional supremacy over authoritarian legality, 19 (B) Reversed decades of executive authoritarianism, 20 (D) A strong state with weak democratic legitimacy
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