Sources of Islamic Teachings 1 Which is the primary source of Islamic teachings? (a) The Quran (b) Historical traditions (c) Philosophy (d) None of these 2 The Quran is believed by Muslims to be: (a) The word of Allah (b) A collection of human philosophy (c) A historical novel (d) None of these 3 The…
Meaning and Concept of Islam 1 What does the word Islam primarily mean? (a) Submission to Allah (b) Political authority (c) Material prosperity (d) None of these 2 The word Islam is derived from which Arabic root? (a) K-T-B (b) S-L-M (c) H-M-D (d) None of these 3 Which concept is most closely associated with…
State Power, Capacity and Legitimacy Introduction A state’s ability to pursue its interests depends not only on the resources it possesses but also on its ability to convert those resources into effective governance and political outcomes. Three related concepts are particularly important: State Power concerns the ability of the state to influence outcomes. State Capacity…
National Interest and National Objectives Introduction National interest is one of the most frequently used concepts in international relations and foreign policy. It refers broadly to the interests, goals and priorities that a state seeks to protect or advance. The precise meaning of national interest varies according to political systems, historical circumstances, security conditions, economic…
Recognition, Independence and Self-Determination Introduction The concepts of recognition, independence and self-determination are central to questions concerning statehood, sovereignty and the creation or transformation of political entities. They are particularly important in understanding decolonization, secessionist movements, disputed territories and the emergence of new states. Recognition Recognition: The acknowledgment by a state or group of states…
Sovereignty and Territorial Integrity Introduction Sovereignty is one of the foundational principles of the modern international system. It concerns the authority of a state to govern itself and exercise control over its territory and population. Territorial integrity refers to the principle that a state’s territory should not be violated or unlawfully altered through external force…
State, Nation and Nation-State Introduction The concepts of state, nation and nation-state are fundamental to understanding international relations and world politics. Although these terms are often used interchangeably, they describe different political and social realities. A state is primarily a political and legal entity with territory, population, government and sovereignty. A nation is primarily a…
KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR THE POSTS OF PROVINCIAL MANAGEMENT SERVICES (BPS-17) 2016 PSYCHOLOGY INCLUDING EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY PAPER-II TIME ALLOWED: 03 HOURS MAX. MARKS: 100 Attempt any five questions. (1) Define growth, maturation and development. Describe the major events of the three phases of prenatal development. (2) Outline Piaget’s stages of cognitive…
KPK, PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION Competitive Examination for the Posts of PMS, 2019 PSYCHOLOGY INCLUDING EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY PAPER-I Time Allowed: 03 Hours Max: Marks: 100 Attempt any two questions. All questions carry equal marks. 1 Discuss Psychology as the Science of Human Behavior. Describe the major trends of Psychology relating it to human beings. “20” 2…
KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR THE POSTS OF PROVINCIAL MANAGEMENT SERVICES (BPS-17) 2013 PSYCHOLOGY INCLUDING EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY, PAPER-II TIME ALLOWED: 03 HOURS MAX.MARKS: 100 Note:- Attempt any Five questions. All questions carry equal marks. Q 1- Give a broad spectrum of biological and Social Factors involved in the Development of Children. Q…
KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR THE POSTS OF PROVINCIAL MANAGEMENT SERVICES (BPS-17) 2013 PSYCHOLOGY INCLUDING EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY, PAPER-I TIME ALLOWED: 03 HOURS MAX. MARKS: 100 Note:- Attempt any Five questions. All questions carry equal marks. Q 1- Define Psychology. What are the major trends and specialties in Psychology? Q 2- Provide an…
KHYBER PAKHTUNKHAWA PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION, PESHAWAR. EXAM: COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR THE POSTS OF PMS/ETOS (B-17) IN ESTABLISHMENT, EXCISE & TAXATION DEPARTMENT. (2016) SUBJECT: MERCANTILE LAW Time Allowed: 3 hours Max Marks: 100 Note: Please attempt any FIVE questions in all. All questions carry equal marks. Use of mobiles and other electronic accessories is strictly prohibited…
Sentence Improvement and Advanced Error Analysis Sentence improvement goes beyond simply finding a grammatical mistake. It involves examining whether a sentence is clear, precise, concise, logical, natural, and appropriate for its purpose. A sentence can therefore be grammatically correct but still be improved. 1. Grammar vs Style Consider: At this point in time, we are…
Punctuation, Spelling and Structural Errors Punctuation, spelling, capitalization, and sentence structure are fundamental to clear written English. Small errors can sometimes change meaning or make a sentence difficult to understand. 1. Spelling Errors Common spelling problems include: accomodation → accommodation seperate → separate recieve → receive definately → definitely goverment → government Some spelling patterns…
Vocabulary, Usage and Word-Choice Errors A sentence can be grammatically correct and still use the wrong word. Vocabulary correction therefore requires attention to meaning, context, collocation, register, connotation, and grammatical function. 1. Similar Words Are Not Always Interchangeable Words that appear similar in meaning may differ in usage. Compare: economic economical Economic relates to the…
Grammar and Sentence Correction Grammar and sentence correction involves identifying and fixing errors in sentence structure, word forms, agreement, tense, usage, and grammatical relationships. The objective is not merely to memorize rules. Effective correction requires understanding why a sentence is incorrect or unclear. 1. Subject–Verb Agreement The verb must normally agree with its subject in…
Principles of Editing and Proofreading Editing and proofreading are essential parts of effective writing. Even a grammatically knowledgeable writer can produce unclear sentences, incorrect punctuation, spelling mistakes, repetition, or inconsistencies when writing quickly. Although the terms are often used together, editing and proofreading are not exactly the same. Editing focuses on improving the quality of…
Globalization and International Interdependence Introduction Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness of countries, economies, societies, institutions, technologies, and people across national borders. International interdependence describes situations in which states and societies depend on one another in ways that create both opportunities and vulnerabilities. Globalization has transformed international trade, finance, communication, technology, migration, culture, production, and…
Global Governance and International Cooperation Introduction Global governance refers to the processes, institutions, rules, norms, and arrangements through which international problems are managed. It does not imply the existence of a single world government. Global governance involves states, international organizations, regional organizations, businesses, civil society, experts, and other actors working through formal and informal mechanisms….
International System, International Society and World Order Introduction The international system refers to the overall structure of interactions among states and other significant international actors. International society emphasizes the shared rules, norms, institutions, and practices through which states organize their relations. World order refers more broadly to the distribution of power and the institutions, rules,…