International Court of Justice 1. Introduction The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. It settles legal disputes submitted to it by states and provides advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized UN organs and specialized agencies. Established under the UN Charter in 1945, the…
UN Peacekeeping 1. Introduction United Nations peacekeeping is an international mechanism designed to help countries affected by conflict create conditions for sustainable peace. It involves the deployment of military personnel, police officers, and civilian specialists under UN authority to support ceasefires, protect civilians, facilitate political processes, and strengthen institutions. Peacekeeping is not expressly described as…
UN General Assembly 1. Introduction The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations. It provides a universal forum in which all UN member states can discuss international issues, express their positions, and participate in collective decision-making. It is often described as the most representative organ of…
BALOCHISTAN PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR THE POSTS OF SECTION OFFICERS (B-17) ISLAMIC HISTORY – PERIOD – II MARKS: 100 JUNE 05, 2013 TIME: 03 HOURS NOTE: DO ANY FIVE QUESTIONS. ALL QUESTIONS CARRY EQUAL MARKS. Q-1. “Abu Jaafar al-Mansur was the real founder of Abbasi Dynasty.” Is it correct? Q-2. “The time of…
BALOCHISTAN PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR THE POSTS OF SECTION OFFICERS (B-17) ISLAMIC HISTORY / PERIOD – I MARKS: 150 MAY 22, 2003 TIME: 03 HOURS NOTE: Do any FIVE questions. All questions carry equal marks. Q-1. How did the geographical features of Arabia influence the life and culture of Pre-Islamic Arabia? Q-2. Why…
BALOCHISTAN PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION Samungli Road, Quetta Cantt. COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR THE POST(s) OF BCS (EB) OFFICER B-17 / SECTION OFFICER B-17 ISLAMIC HISTORY PERIOD – II Total Marks: 100 Tuesday, February 17, 2009 Time Allowed: 03 Hours Note: Attempt any Five questions. All questions carry equal marks. Q-1. The early period of Abbasid Caliphate…
BALOCHISTAN PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION Samungli Road, Quetta Cantt. COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR THE POST(s) OF BCS (EB) OFFICER B-17 / SECTION OFFICER B-17 ISLAMIC HISTORY PERIOD – I Total Marks: 100 Thursday, January 29, 2009 Time Allowed: 03 Hours Note: Attempt any Five questions. All questions carry equal marks. Q-1. Trace the methodology for preaching of…
BALOCHISTAN PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION 2021 FOR RECRUITMENT TO THE POSTS OF ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER/SECTION OFFICER (B-17) IN THE SERVICES & GENERAL ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT ISLAMIC HISTORY PERIOD-I Total Marks: 150 July 01, 2021 Time Allowed: 03 Hours NOTE: i Attempt any five questions. All questions carry equal marks. ii All the parts (if any) of…
Sunnah as a Source of Law 1 What does Sunnah primarily refer to in Islamic legal theory? (a) The writings of later historians alone (b) Local customs in every society (c) The normative example of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ (d) None of these 2 Which source is the primary textual foundation of Islam, alongside which the…
Quran as a Source of Law 1 What is the Quran’s place in Islamic legal theory? (a) A historical commentary only (b) A secondary juristic opinion (c) The primary source of Islamic law (d) None of these 2 Which Arabic term refers to a verse of the Quran? (a) Ayah (b) Hadith (c) Fatwa (d)…
Sources of Islamic Law 1 What is the primary source of Islamic law? (a) Historical chronicles (b) The Quran (c) Tribal customs alone (d) None of these 2 Which source records the sayings, actions, and approvals of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ? (a) Tafsir alone (b) Fiqh manuals alone (c) Sunnah (d) None of these 3 In…
Fiqh 1 What does the Arabic term Fiqh generally mean? (a) Historical memory (b) Military command (c) Understanding or comprehension (d) None of these 2 In Islamic studies, Fiqh primarily refers to: (a) The science of understanding and deriving practical Islamic legal rulings (b) The text of the Quran alone (c) The biography of every…
Shariah 1 What is the basic meaning of Shariah in Islam? (a) Islamic law and guidance for life (b) A historical dynasty (c) A system of taxation (d) None of these 2 Which is the primary source of Shariah? (a) Historical chronicles (b) The Quran (c) Local customs alone (d) None of these 3 Which…
UN Security Council 1. Introduction and Meaning The United Nations Security Council is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations and has primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security under the UN Charter. The Council is the central institution of the UN collective security system. It addresses threats to…
United Nations 1. Introduction and Meaning The United Nations (UN) is an international organization established in 1945 to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, promote international cooperation, and encourage respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It is the most comprehensive universal intergovernmental organization in the contemporary international system. Its membership…
Human Rights and International Relations 1. Meaning and Concept of Human Rights Human rights are fundamental rights and freedoms inherent to all human beings, irrespective of nationality, ethnicity, sex, language, religion, social origin, or other status. They protect human dignity and establish standards for how individuals should be treated by public authorities and, in certain…
International Humanitarian Law 1. Meaning and Definition International humanitarian law (IHL) is the branch of international law that seeks to limit the human suffering caused by armed conflict. It protects persons who are not, or are no longer, participating in hostilities and restricts the means and methods of warfare. It applies when the relevant legal…
Law of War and Armed Conflict 1. Meaning and Scope The law of war and armed conflict is the body of international legal rules governing the existence, conduct, and consequences of armed conflict. It addresses the protection of persons affected by hostilities, the permissible means and methods of warfare, the treatment of prisoners, the status…
Climate Change and Global Warming Introduction Climate change is one of the most significant global challenges because it affects ecosystems, agriculture, water availability, human health, infrastructure, economic development, and international security. Although climate has changed naturally throughout Earth’s history, the rapid warming observed since the nineteenth century is primarily attributable to human activities, especially greenhouse…
Food, Health and Human Security Introduction Food, health, and human security are closely connected dimensions of human well-being. People cannot live securely when they lack sufficient food, face preventable disease, or cannot access essential healthcare. Likewise, conflict, poverty, displacement, environmental degradation, and climate-related shocks can undermine food systems and public health. Traditional security analysis often…