Neorealism 1. Introduction Neorealism, also called structural realism, is a major theory of International Relations developed primarily by Kenneth Waltz. Neorealism retains the realist emphasis on power, security and state survival but explains international behaviour differently from classical realism. Instead of focusing primarily on human nature, neorealism emphasizes the structure of the international system, especially…
Idealism 1. Introduction Idealism is one of the earliest major theoretical approaches in International Relations. It emphasizes the possibility of cooperation, peace, international law, institutions and moral principles in international politics. Idealist thinkers argue that international conflict is not an unavoidable feature of human existence. Through appropriate institutions, democratic governance, international law, diplomacy and cooperation,…
Compilation of Hadith 1 Which of the following best describes the early preservation of Hadith? (a) It depended exclusively on books written centuries later (b) It involved both oral transmission and written records (c) It began only after the Abbasid period (d) None of these 2 Which Companion is well known for writing Hadith with…
Classification of Hadith 1 Which of the following is a well-known classification of Hadith according to authenticity? (a) Sahih (b) Hasan (c) Da’if (d) All of these 2 What does Sahih generally mean in Hadith terminology? (a) Fabricated (b) Authentic or sound (c) Unknown (d) None of these 3 A Hadith that meets the accepted…
Major Hadith Collections 1 Which six collections are commonly known as Kutub al-Sittah in Sunni Hadith scholarship? (a) Sahih Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sunan Abu Dawood, Jami al-Tirmidhi, Sunan al-Nasa’i, and Sunan Ibn Majah (b) Al-Muwatta, Musnad Ahmad, Sahih Muslim, Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Sunan Abu Dawood, and Sahih Bukhari (c) Sahih Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Al-Muwatta, Musnad…
Balochistan Public Service Commission Samungli Road, Quetta Cantt. COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR THE POSTS OF BCS (EB) OFFICER B-17 INDIAN HISTORY – I Marks: 150 Wednesday, March 07, 2007 (02:30 PM) Time: 03 Hours Note: Attempt any Five questions. At least Two questions from each part. Question No 1 is Compulsory. All questions carry equal marks….
Balochistan Public Service Commission Samungli Road, Quetta Cantt. COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR THE POST(S) OF BCS (EB) OFFICER B-17 / SECTION OFFICER B-17 INDIAN HISTORY PERIOD – I Total Marks: 150 Friday, February 06, 2009 Time Allowed: 03 Hours Note: Attempt any Five questions. At least Two from each part. All questions carry equal marks. PART…
Balochistan Public Service Commission Samungli Road, Quetta Cantt. COMBINED COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR THE POSTS OF HIGHER OFFICIALS / SECTION OFFICERS B-17 IN THE S&GAD, GOVT. OF BALOCHISTAN INDIAN HISTORY – I Time Allowed: 03 Hours July 18, 2010 (09:30 AM) Total Marks: 150 Note: Attempt any five questions. At least Two questions from each part….
Balochistan Public Service Commission Samungli Road, Quetta Cantt. COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR THE POSTS OF BCS (EB) OFFICER B-17 INDIAN HISTORY – II Marks: 150 Sunday March 04, 2007 (02:30 PM) Time: 03 Hours Note: Attempt any five questions. At least two questions from each part. Question No. 1 is Compulsory. All questions carry equal marks….
BALOCHISTAN PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION Samungli Road, Quetta Cantt. COMBINED COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR THE POSTS OF HIGHER OFFICIALS / SECTION OFFICERS B-17 IN THE S&GAD, GOVT. OF BALOCHISTAN INDIAN HISTORY – II Time Allowed: 03 Hours July 17, 2018 (09:30 AM) Total Marks: 150 Note: Attempt any five questions. At least two questions from each part….
Human Security 1. Introduction Human security represents a broader understanding of security in which the individual and communities, rather than only the state, become central objects of protection. The concept emerged prominently after the Cold War as scholars and international organizations increasingly argued that security cannot be understood solely through military threats and territorial defence….
Strategic Culture 1. Introduction Strategic culture refers to the historically developed beliefs, assumptions, traditions and patterns of thinking that influence how a state understands security, war, military power and the use of force. States facing similar international conditions may behave differently because their strategic decisions are shaped not only by material capabilities but also by…
Great Powers and Superpowers 1. Introduction Great powers and superpowers occupy central positions in the international system because their economic, military, technological and diplomatic capabilities allow them to influence international affairs beyond their immediate regions. The concepts are related but not identical. A great power possesses capabilities that allow it to exercise substantial influence over…
Power Transition and Global Order 1. Introduction Power Transition Theory examines how changes in the relative power of major states can affect international order and the possibility of conflict. International systems are not static. States rise and decline, economic capabilities shift, technologies change and new powers emerge. When a rising state approaches the capabilities of…
Traditional Security 1. Introduction Traditional security refers to the conventional understanding of security in which the state is the primary object of protection and military threats are regarded as the principal sources of insecurity. For much of modern international relations, security was understood primarily in terms of territorial integrity, political independence, military capability, and survival…
Proxy War and Asymmetric Warfare Introduction Proxy war and asymmetric warfare are important concepts in contemporary international security. Both involve situations in which conventional military capabilities, political objectives and methods of warfare differ significantly among the participants. A proxy war occurs when an external state or other powerful actor supports a local or regional actor…
Insurgency, Counterinsurgency and Terrorism Introduction Insurgency, counterinsurgency and terrorism are related but distinct concepts within conflict and security studies. An insurgency is an organized campaign challenging established political authority. Counterinsurgency refers to the political, military, economic and social efforts undertaken to defeat or contain an insurgency. Terrorism is a method of political violence involving the…
Conflict Prevention, Management and Resolution Introduction Conflict prevention, conflict management and conflict resolution describe different approaches to dealing with disputes and violent conflicts. Conflict prevention seeks to prevent violence from occurring or escalating. Conflict management seeks to limit violence and control its consequences. Conflict resolution seeks to address underlying causes and relationships in ways that…
Peacekeeping, Peacemaking and Peacebuilding Introduction Peacekeeping, peacemaking and peacebuilding are related but distinct approaches to preventing violence, ending armed conflict and establishing sustainable peace. Peacekeeping generally seeks to maintain peace and prevent renewed violence after or during an agreement. Peacemaking focuses on diplomatic efforts to bring conflicting parties toward a settlement. Peacebuilding addresses the deeper…
Nuclear Weapons and Nuclear Strategy Introduction Nuclear weapons and nuclear strategy occupy a central position in international security because of the extraordinary destructive capability of nuclear weapons and their implications for deterrence, strategic stability, arms control and international politics. Nuclear strategy concerns how states develop, deploy and communicate nuclear capabilities and how they seek to…