Introduction to Hadith 1 What is the basic linguistic meaning of the Arabic word Hadith? (a) Law (b) Worship (c) Charity (d) Report or narration 2 In Islamic terminology, Hadith primarily refers to reports concerning: (a) The statements, actions, approvals, and descriptions of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ (b) Only the verses of the Quran (c) Only…
Interstate and Intrastate Conflict Introduction Interstate and intrastate conflict represent two broad categories of armed conflict classified according to where the principal parties to the conflict are located and who is fighting whom. Interstate conflict primarily involves states fighting one another. Intrastate conflict occurs primarily within the territory of a state and usually involves the…
War and Armed Conflict Introduction War and armed conflict are central concepts in international relations, strategic studies, international law and political history. They describe organized violence involving states, non-state actors or both. Although the terms are often used interchangeably, they have different analytical and legal applications. War traditionally refers to sustained organized armed violence between…
Hybrid Warfare and Grey-Zone Competition Introduction Hybrid warfare and grey-zone competition describe strategies that combine different instruments of power to achieve political or strategic objectives while avoiding, limiting or complicating conventional military confrontation. These concepts are particularly relevant to contemporary international security because modern competition increasingly occurs across military, economic, political, informational, cyber and technological…
Collective Security and Collective Defence Introduction Collective security and collective defence are important concepts in international security. Although the terms are sometimes used interchangeably, they describe different institutional and strategic arrangements. Collective security is based on the principle that aggression against one member is a concern for the wider international community and that members should…
Deterrence, Compellence and Containment Introduction Deterrence, compellence and containment are major concepts in international security and strategic studies. They describe different ways in which states attempt to influence the behaviour of other states, armed groups or strategic competitors. Deterrence seeks to prevent an action by threatening unacceptable consequences. Compellence seeks to make an actor undertake,…
Deterrence 1. Introduction Deterrence is a strategy designed to prevent an actor from taking an unwanted action by convincing it that the expected costs will outweigh the expected benefits. It is one of the central concepts of strategic studies and international security. Deterrence does not primarily seek to defeat an opponent after aggression occurs. Its…
Strategic Stability 1. Introduction Strategic stability refers broadly to a condition in which states have limited incentives to initiate major conflict or to launch destabilizing military actions. The concept has been particularly important in nuclear strategy, arms control and relations among major military powers. Strategic stability does not necessarily mean the absence of rivalry. States…
Security and Insecurity 1. Introduction Security is one of the fundamental concepts of international relations. Traditionally, security was understood primarily in terms of protecting the state from military attack. Over time, the concept expanded to include economic, political, social, environmental, health, technological and human dimensions. The broader concept of security reflects the changing nature of…
Security Dilemma 1. Introduction The security dilemma is a central concept in international relations that explains how efforts by one state to increase its security can unintentionally reduce the security of other states. Because the international system lacks a central authority capable of guaranteeing the security of every state, countries often take measures to protect…
Collective Security 1. Introduction Collective security is an international security arrangement in which states agree that a threat or act of aggression against one member is a concern for all members. The central principle is that peace is protected collectively rather than by each state acting entirely on its own. Collective security seeks to discourage…
Surah Al-Ikhlas 1 What does the word “Ikhlas” generally mean? (a) Victory (b) Sincerity/Purity (c) Migration (d) None of these 2 How many verses are in Surah Al-Ikhlas? (a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 4 (d) None of these 3 Surah Al-Ikhlas is generally classified as: (a) Makki (b) Madani (c) Both Makki and Madani (d)…
Surah Al-Falaq 1 What does “Al-Falaq” mean? (a) The People (b) The Daybreak (c) The Night (d) None of these 2 How many verses are in Surah Al-Falaq? (a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 4 (d) None of these 3 Surah Al-Falaq is generally classified as: (a) Makki (b) Madani (c) Both equally (d) None of…
Surah An-Nas 1 What does “An-Nas” mean? (a) The Dawn (b) The People/Mankind (c) The Sincerity (d) None of these 2 How many verses are in Surah An-Nas? (a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 6 (d) None of these 3 Surah An-Nas is generally classified as: (a) Makki (b) Madani (c) Both equally (d) None of…
Selected Quranic Verses on Tawhid 1 What is the basic meaning of Tawhid? (a) Belief in angels (b) Affirmation of Allah’s absolute oneness (c) Pilgrimage (d) None of these 2 Which Surah is particularly famous for its concise statement of Tawhid? (a) Al-Ikhlas (b) Al-Masad (c) Al-Kawthar (d) None of these 3 Which verse states,…
Selected Quranic Verses on Human Rights 1 Which fundamental principle of human dignity is emphasized in the Quran? (a) All humans possess inherent dignity (b) Only wealthy people possess dignity (c) Only rulers possess dignity (d) None of these 2 Which verse states that Allah has honored the children of Adam? (a) 17:70 (b) 17:71…
BALOCHISTAN PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR THE POSTS OF SECTION OFFICERS (B-17) INDIAN HISTORY PERIOD – II MARKS 150 MAY 30, 2003 TIME 03 HOURS NOTE Attempt any FIVE questions, Selecting at least TWO from each section All questions carry equal marks SECTION – A Q-1 According to Lane Poole “He (Babur) is the…
BALOCHISTAN PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION COMBINED COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR THE POSTS OF ASSISTANT EXECUTIVE OFFICERS B-17 INDIAN HISTORY PERIOD – II Marks 150 June 05, 2002 Time 03 Hours NOTE Attempt any FIVE questions, at least TWO from each section All questions carry equal marks SECTION – I Q-1 How did Humayun lose and regain the…
BALOCHISTAN PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR THE POSTS OF SECTION OFFICERS B-17 JULY 14, 2001 INDIAN HISTORY PERIOD II MARKS 150 TIME 03 HOURS NOTE Do any FIVE question, Two at least from each section All questions carry equal marks SECTION – A Q-1 Discuss Babur as a General and as a Statesman Q-2…
BALOCHISTAN PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR THE POSTS OF SECTION OFFICERS B-17 INDIAN HISTORY PERIOD – I MARKS 150 JUNE 03, 2005 TIME 03 HOURS NOTE Attempt any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks Q-1 Describe the main characteristics of Social, Political and Religious life of the Aryans in India Q-2 It is…