Ijma

1 What does Ijma mean in Islamic jurisprudence?
(a) Analogy (b) Consensus
(c) Independent reasoning (d) None of these

2 In classical Sunni legal theory, Ijma is conventionally associated with agreement among:
(a) All political rulers in history (b) Every individual Muslim on every issue
(c) Qualified Muslim jurists on a legal ruling (d) None of these

3 Which of the following is commonly recognized as a foundational source in Sunni Islamic legal theory?
(a) Ijma (b) Local custom alone
(c) Personal preference without evidence (d) None of these

4 Which source is generally placed first in discussions of Islamic law?
(a) Qiyas (b) Ijma
(c) Istihsan (d) None of these

5 Ijma is distinct from Qiyas because Ijma refers to:
(a) Analogy between two cases (b) Interpretation of Arabic grammar alone
(c) Consensus under the relevant legal theory (d) None of these

6 Which term refers to analogical reasoning in Islamic jurisprudence?
(a) Ijtihad (b) Qiyas
(c) Ijma (d) None of these

7 Which of the following best describes the role of Ijma?
(a) It is a recognized concept for establishing agreement on legal questions (b) It replaces the Quran in every matter
(c) It is another name for Hadith transmission (d) None of these

8 Which statement about Ijma is most accurate?
(a) Every popular opinion automatically constitutes Ijma (b) Its definition and conditions have been discussed by jurists
(c) It means the personal opinion of one scholar (d) None of these

9 Which school of law developed detailed discussions of Ijma as a legal proof?
(a) No Islamic legal school (b) Only modern secular legal systems
(c) The major Islamic jurisprudential schools (d) None of these

10 What is one important distinction between a juristic consensus and a majority opinion?
(a) They are identical in every legal theory (b) A majority opinion always binds every school
(c) Consensus requires no defined participants (d) None of these

11 Which of the following is not, by itself, sufficient to establish Ijma in classical legal theory?
(a) Mere popularity of an opinion (b) The conditions required by the relevant theory
(c) Agreement of the legally relevant scholars, where established (d) None of these

12 Ijma is studied primarily within:
(a) Tajwid (b) Usul al-Fiqh
(c) Ilm al-falak (d) None of these

13 Which term refers to the principles and methodology of Islamic jurisprudence?
(a) Sirah (b) Fara’id
(c) Usul al-Fiqh (d) None of these

14 Which statement about Ijma and the Quran is correct?
(a) Ijma is a substitute for the Quran (b) Ijma means recitation of the Quran
(c) Ijma is a type of Quranic verse (d) None of these

15 Which term is most closely associated with qualified independent legal reasoning?
(a) Ijtihad (b) Hijrah
(c) Adhan (d) None of these

16 In conventional Sunni legal theory, Ijma is generally discussed as:
(a) A method of Quranic pronunciation (b) A legal proof or source of authority
(c) A pilgrimage ritual (d) None of these

17 Which of the following is a central concern when claiming that Ijma has occurred?
(a) The number of books in a library (b) The popularity of a social-media post
(c) Whether the relevant scholarly agreement can be established (d) None of these

18 Which statement best describes the relationship between Ijma and juristic disagreement?
(a) Ijma means that jurists always disagree (b) Ijma refers to every disagreement between schools
(c) Ijma is a synonym for Qiyas (d) None of these

19 Which of the following terms means consensus?
(a) Ijma (b) Qiyas
(c) Istihsan (d) None of these

20 Which of these is generally a form of legal reasoning rather than consensus itself?
(a) Ijma (b) Qiyas
(c) The concept of scholarly agreement (d) None of these

21 Which statement about the scope of Ijma is most accurate?
(a) It automatically settles every scientific question (b) It is identical to public opinion
(c) Its scope depends on the definition and conditions adopted by jurists (d) None of these

22 What is the relationship between Ijma and Hadith?
(a) They are two names for the same report (b) Ijma means the chain of narrators
(c) Hadith is a school of jurisprudence (d) None of these

23 Which of the following is a recognized topic in Usul al-Fiqh?
(a) The authority and conditions of Ijma (b) The chemical composition of stars
(c) The classification of mountain ranges (d) None of these

24 Which of the following best distinguishes Ijma from an individual fatwa?
(a) A fatwa is always a consensus (b) Ijma concerns scholarly agreement, while a fatwa is a juristic opinion
(c) A fatwa is a Quranic chapter (d) None of these

25 Which statement about Ijma and modern Muslim societies is most accurate?
(a) Every modern government decision is Ijma (b) Every public vote constitutes classical Ijma
(c) Contemporary scholars continue to discuss how Ijma is defined and established (d) None of these

26 Which of the following is not the usual meaning of Ijma?
(a) Consensus (b) Scholarly agreement
(c) A recognized legal concept (d) None of these

27 Which concept is closely connected with the effort to derive a legal ruling?
(a) Ijtihad (b) Qiblah
(c) Sawm (d) None of these

28 Which statement best describes the role of Ijma in traditional Sunni legal theory?
(a) It always overrides the Quran without qualification (b) It is recognized as an important legal proof, subject to the theory’s conditions
(c) It is only a type of Arabic poetry (d) None of these

29 Which of the following is most likely to require specialist legal analysis?
(a) Identifying the Arabic word for consensus (b) Recognizing that Ijma is a jurisprudential concept
(c) Determining whether a particular claimed consensus meets the conditions of a legal school (d) None of these

30 Which term refers to the body of practical legal rulings derived by jurists?
(a) Tajwid (b) Qira’at
(c) Isnad (d) None of these

31 Which statement about Ijma and the four Sunni legal schools is most accurate?
(a) They reject the concept of Ijma entirely (b) They all define every detail of Ijma identically
(c) They have no tradition of legal theory (d) None of these

32 Ijma differs from simple custom because Ijma is specifically a concept of:
(a) Scholarly legal agreement (b) Weather observation
(c) Linguistic pronunciation alone (d) None of these

33 Which of the following is a key question in assessing a claimed Ijma?
(a) Whether the claim is supported by reliable legal scholarship (b) Whether the opinion is widely advertised
(c) Whether the issue appears in a newspaper (d) None of these

34 Which legal method involves comparing a new case with an established case due to a shared effective cause?
(a) Ijma (b) Qiyas
(c) Isnad (d) None of these

35 Which term refers to the effective cause underlying a ruling in analogical reasoning?
(a) Matn (b) Isnad
(c) Illah (d) None of these

36 Which statement about Ijma and Ijtihad is correct?
(a) They are identical terms (b) Ijtihad means consensus
(c) Ijma means independent reasoning by one scholar (d) None of these

37 Which of the following may be relevant to a jurist’s evaluation of a legal claim?
(a) Evidence from recognized sources and the applicable principles of legal theory (b) Personal popularity alone
(c) Unverified rumor alone (d) None of these

38 What is a principal difference between Ijma and a political majority vote?
(a) They always have exactly the same meaning (b) Ijma has a specific jurisprudential meaning and conditions
(c) A political vote is always a Hadith (d) None of these

39 Which term refers to the Quran’s explanatory interpretation?
(a) Qiyas (b) Ijma
(c) Fatwa (d) None of these

40 Which of the following is a subject of Islamic legal theory?
(a) How to classify planets (b) How to measure rainfall
(c) How to calculate the speed of light (d) None of these

41 Which statement about Ijma is most appropriate for exam purposes?
(a) It is a recognized concept of consensus in Islamic jurisprudence (b) It is the same as a personal opinion
(c) It is a Hadith collection (d) None of these

42 Which of the following is a legal school rather than a source or method?
(a) Ijma (b) Hanafi school
(c) Qiyas (d) None of these

43 Which of the following is a source of law in conventional Sunni legal theory, alongside the Quran and Sunnah?
(a) Poetry alone (b) Local tradition alone
(c) Ijma (d) None of these

44 Which statement best reflects differences among jurists about Ijma?
(a) All legal scholars have always agreed on every definition (b) No scholar has discussed its authority
(c) The term has no legal meaning (d) None of these

45 What is the most appropriate approach when a claim of consensus is disputed?
(a) Examine the claim, its evidence, and the relevant juristic definitions (b) Assume every claim is automatically true
(c) Replace legal analysis with popularity (d) None of these

46 Which term refers to a juristic opinion issued by a qualified scholar?
(a) Ijma in every case (b) Fatwa
(c) Qiyas in every case (d) None of these

47 Which statement about Ijma is correct?
(a) It refers to a narrator’s chain (b) It is a method of Quranic recitation
(c) It is discussed as a legal proof in Islamic jurisprudence (d) None of these

48 Which of these is a major source of Islamic legal guidance?
(a) A modern opinion poll alone (b) An unverified anecdote
(c) A private preference without evidence (d) None of these

49 Which term is associated with juristic analogy?
(a) Qiyas (b) Ijma
(c) Ibadat (d) None of these

50 Which statement best summarizes Ijma?
(a) It means individual preference (b) It is a form of Quranic recitation
(c) It is identical to local custom (d) None of these

Answer Key

1 (b) Consensus
2 (c) Qualified Muslim jurists on a legal ruling
3 (a) Ijma
4 (d) None of these
5 (c) Consensus under the relevant legal theory
6 (b) Qiyas
7 (a) It is a recognized concept for establishing agreement on legal questions
8 (b) Its definition and conditions have been discussed by jurists
9 (c) The major Islamic jurisprudential schools
10 (d) None of these
11 (a) Mere popularity of an opinion
12 (b) Usul al-Fiqh
13 (c) Usul al-Fiqh
14 (d) None of these
15 (a) Ijtihad
16 (b) A legal proof or source of authority
17 (c) Whether the relevant scholarly agreement can be established
18 (d) None of these
19 (a) Ijma
20 (b) Qiyas
21 (c) Its scope depends on the definition and conditions adopted by jurists
22 (d) None of these
23 (a) The authority and conditions of Ijma
24 (b) Ijma concerns scholarly agreement, while a fatwa is a juristic opinion
25 (c) Contemporary scholars continue to discuss how Ijma is defined and established
26 (d) None of these
27 (a) Ijtihad
28 (b) It is recognized as an important legal proof, subject to the theory’s conditions
29 (c) Determining whether a particular claimed consensus meets the conditions of a legal school
30 (d) None of these
31 (d) None of these
32 (a) Scholarly legal agreement
33 (a) Whether the claim is supported by reliable legal scholarship
34 (b) Qiyas
35 (c) Illah
36 (d) None of these
37 (a) Evidence from recognized sources and the applicable principles of legal theory
38 (b) Ijma has a specific jurisprudential meaning and conditions
39 (d) None of these
40 (d) None of these
41 (a) It is a recognized concept of consensus in Islamic jurisprudence
42 (b) Hanafi school
43 (c) Ijma
44 (d) None of these
45 (a) Examine the claim, its evidence, and the relevant juristic definitions
46 (b) Fatwa
47 (c) It is discussed as a legal proof in Islamic jurisprudence
48 (d) None of these
49 (a) Qiyas
50 (d) None of these