Qiyas

1 What does Qiyas mean in Islamic jurisprudence?
(a) Consensus (b) Analogical reasoning
(c) Quranic recitation (d) None of these

2 What is the primary purpose of Qiyas?
(a) To replace the Quran (b) To record Hadith chains
(c) To extend a ruling to a new case because of a relevant shared cause (d) None of these

3 Which of the following is a foundational source rather than an analogical method?
(a) The Quran (b) Qiyas
(c) Istihsan (d) None of these

4 What is the established case on which an analogy is based called in classical legal theory?
(a) Far’ (b) Illah
(c) Hukm al-far’ (d) None of these

5 In the conventional four-part model of Qiyas, the original case is called:
(a) Asl (b) Far’
(c) Illah (d) None of these

6 In Qiyas, what is the new case to which a ruling is extended called?
(a) Asl (b) Far’
(c) Isnad (d) None of these

7 What is the effective cause underlying the original ruling called?
(a) Matn (b) Ijma
(c) Illah (d) None of these

8 Which element of Qiyas is the ruling being extended to the new case?
(a) Asl (b) Isnad
(c) Matn (d) None of these

9 Which of the following best describes a valid analogy?
(a) It identifies a legally relevant shared cause between cases (b) It relies only on personal preference
(c) It ignores the established ruling (d) None of these

10 Which term refers to consensus in Islamic jurisprudence?
(a) Qiyas (b) Ijma
(c) Ijtihad (d) None of these

11 Qiyas is most directly studied within:
(a) Tajwid (b) Sirah
(c) Usul al-Fiqh (d) None of these

12 Which statement about Qiyas is most accurate?
(a) It is a Quranic surah (b) It is the chain of narrators of a Hadith
(c) It means scholarly consensus (d) None of these

13 Which of the following is commonly cited as a classic example of analogy in Islamic legal discussions?
(a) Extending a prohibition to a new intoxicant because of the shared cause of intoxication (b) Treating every custom as divine revelation
(c) Replacing a Quranic rule with a personal preference (d) None of these

14 In the example of extending a prohibition on wine to another intoxicant, the relevant shared cause is commonly identified as:
(a) Its color (b) Intoxication
(c) Its place of production (d) None of these

15 Which of the following is not one of the conventional four elements of Qiyas?
(a) Asl (b) Far’
(c) Illah (d) None of these

16 Which legal concept refers to the ruling established for the original case?
(a) Hukm al-asl (b) Far’
(c) Isnad (d) None of these

17 What must be established for a sound Qiyas?
(a) A relevant legal cause connecting the cases (b) Similarity in appearance only
(c) Agreement among all political leaders (d) None of these

18 Which statement best distinguishes Qiyas from Ijma?
(a) They are always identical (b) Qiyas is analogy, while Ijma is consensus
(c) Ijma is the text of the Quran (d) None of these

19 Which term means independent juristic reasoning?
(a) Ijma (b) Qiblah
(c) Ijtihad (d) None of these

20 Which statement about Qiyas and the Quran is correct?
(a) Qiyas replaces the Quran in every matter (b) Qiyas is a revealed book
(c) Qiyas has no place in legal theory (d) None of these

21 Which of the following may be a subject for Qiyas?
(a) A new legal case not directly addressed by an explicit ruling, where valid analogy is possible (b) A matter whose established ruling must simply be denied
(c) A question unrelated to law or legal principles (d) None of these

22 What is the role of the Illah in Qiyas?
(a) To identify the narrator of a Hadith (b) To connect the original case and the new case for the ruling
(c) To name a school of law (d) None of these

23 Which statement about the effective cause is correct?
(a) It must always be a physical resemblance (b) It is irrelevant to analogy
(c) It must be legally relevant to the ruling (d) None of these

24 Which of the following is a recognized Sunni school of jurisprudence?
(a) Umayyad school (b) Abbasid school
(c) Fatimid school (d) None of these

25 Which statement about the use of Qiyas among jurists is most accurate?
(a) Jurists differ over its conditions and application (b) All jurists reject analogy
(c) All schools use every analogy identically (d) None of these

26 Which of the following is a legal method often discussed alongside Qiyas?
(a) Tajwid (b) Istihsan
(c) Adhan (d) None of these

27 Which term is associated with consideration of public welfare in legal reasoning?
(a) Isnad (b) Matn
(c) Maslahah (d) None of these

28 What is the difference between the Asl and the Far’?
(a) Asl is a narrator and Far’ is a Hadith text (b) They are two names for consensus
(c) Asl is the new case and Far’ is the original case in every legal school (d) None of these

29 Which of the following is the correct pairing?
(a) Asl — original case (b) Illah — chain of narrators
(c) Far’ — Quranic chapter (d) None of these

30 Which statement about Qiyas is incorrect?
(a) It requires legal reasoning (b) It involves a comparison between cases
(c) It considers an effective cause (d) None of these

31 Which source or method is associated with the Prophet’s transmitted example?
(a) Qiyas (b) Sunnah
(c) Ijma (d) None of these

32 Which of the following is most important when determining whether the ruling of one case applies by analogy to another?
(a) The popularity of the new case (b) Whether the cases occurred in the same country
(c) Whether a relevant effective cause is shared (d) None of these

33 Which term refers to the legal ruling of the original case in the standard model of Qiyas?
(a) Hukm al-asl (b) Asbab al-Nuzul
(c) Matn (d) None of these

34 Which of the following best describes Qiyas?
(a) A form of Hadith authentication (b) A method of analogical legal deduction
(c) A Quranic recitation style (d) None of these

35 Which of the following is a recognized question in Qiyas?
(a) Which language is spoken by most people? (b) Which ruler was most popular?
(c) What is the legally relevant cause of the original ruling? (d) None of these

36 Which statement about Qiyas and explicit texts is most appropriate?
(a) Analogy can never be discussed alongside textual evidence (b) Analogy allows every clear text to be disregarded
(c) Any personal comparison overrides an explicit ruling (d) None of these

37 Which of the following is a common concern in assessing an analogy?
(a) Whether the effective cause is properly identified (b) Whether the analogy sounds poetic
(c) Whether it is politically popular (d) None of these

38 Which term refers to the new case in Qiyas?
(a) Asl (b) Far’
(c) Illah (d) None of these

39 Which term refers to the original case in Qiyas?
(a) Far’ (b) Matn
(c) Asl (d) None of these

40 Which term refers to the shared legal cause in Qiyas?
(a) Asl (b) Far’
(c) Hukm (d) None of these

41 Which of the following is a recognized use of Qiyas in jurisprudence?
(a) Addressing new cases by applying an established ruling when the relevant conditions are met (b) Declaring every new practice forbidden without analysis
(c) Replacing the Quran with popular opinion (d) None of these

42 Which of the following best describes the relationship between Qiyas and Ijtihad?
(a) Qiyas is unrelated to juristic reasoning (b) Qiyas may be one method used within Ijtihad
(c) Ijtihad means consensus (d) None of these

43 Which statement about Qiyas is most accurate?
(a) It is used only for pronunciation rules (b) It is another name for a Hadith collection
(c) It is a method discussed in Islamic legal theory (d) None of these

44 Which of the following is not a sound basis for Qiyas by itself?
(a) A legally relevant shared cause (b) An established ruling in the original case
(c) A valid legal relationship between cases (d) None of these

45 Which term refers to the result or ruling applied to the new case through analogy?
(a) The ruling extended to the Far’ (b) Isnad
(c) Matn (d) None of these

46 Which of the following is a recognized element of Qiyas?
(a) A narrator’s biography (b) The original case (Asl)
(c) A Quranic chapter number (d) None of these

47 Which statement about Qiyas and personal opinion is correct?
(a) Any opinion automatically constitutes Qiyas (b) Qiyas requires no legal standards
(c) Qiyas is a structured method, not merely a personal guess (d) None of these

48 Which of the following is a common translation of Qiyas?
(a) Consensus (b) Revelation
(c) Migration (d) None of these

49 Which method is conventionally associated with consensus rather than analogy?
(a) Ijma (b) Qiyas
(c) Ijtihad (d) None of these

50 Which statement best summarizes Qiyas?
(a) It is the text of the Quran (b) It is a legal reasoning method that extends a ruling to a new case through a relevant shared cause
(c) It is another name for the call to prayer (d) None of these

Answer Key

1 (b) Analogical reasoning
2 (c) To extend a ruling to a new case because of a relevant shared cause
3 (a) The Quran
4 (d) None of these
5 (a) Asl
6 (b) Far’
7 (c) Illah
8 (d) None of these
9 (a) It identifies a legally relevant shared cause between cases
10 (b) Ijma
11 (c) Usul al-Fiqh
12 (d) None of these
13 (a) Extending a prohibition to a new intoxicant because of the shared cause of intoxication
14 (b) Intoxication
15 (d) None of these
16 (a) Hukm al-asl
17 (a) A relevant legal cause connecting the cases
18 (b) Qiyas is analogy, while Ijma is consensus
19 (c) Ijtihad
20 (d) None of these
21 (a) A new legal case not directly addressed by an explicit ruling, where valid analogy is possible
22 (b) To connect the original case and the new case for the ruling
23 (c) It must be legally relevant to the ruling
24 (d) None of these
25 (a) Jurists differ over its conditions and application
26 (b) Istihsan
27 (c) Maslahah
28 (d) None of these
29 (a) Asl — original case
30 (d) None of these
31 (b) Sunnah
32 (c) Whether a relevant effective cause is shared
33 (a) Hukm al-asl
34 (b) A method of analogical legal deduction
35 (c) What is the legally relevant cause of the original ruling?
36 (d) None of these
37 (a) Whether the effective cause is properly identified
38 (b) Far’
39 (c) Asl
40 (d) None of these
41 (a) Addressing new cases by applying an established ruling when the relevant conditions are met
42 (b) Qiyas may be one method used within Ijtihad
43 (c) It is a method discussed in Islamic legal theory
44 (d) None of these
45 (a) The ruling extended to the Far’
46 (b) The original case (Asl)
47 (c) Qiyas is a structured method, not merely a personal guess
48 (d) None of these
49 (a) Ijma
50 (b) It is a legal reasoning method that extends a ruling to a new case through a relevant shared cause