KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION
WRITTEN EXAMINATION FOR THE POSTS OF PMS OFFICER / AETO BPS-17
(2025)

SOCIOLOGY

Time Allowed: 03 Hours Total Marks: 100

Note:- Attempt any five questions. All questions carry equal marks.

Q.No.1 (20)

The individual is a social product, yet society is shaped by individuals. Critically examine this paradox in light of cultural norms, values, and ethnocentrism in Pakistani society.

Q.No.2 (20)

Compare the perspectives of Ibn-i-Khaldun’s theory of social change with Karl Marx’s conflict theory. Which theory better explains class struggles and social immobility in contemporary Pakistan? Justify with examples.

Q.No.3 (20)

Sociological research often fails to penetrate sensitive social realities. Critically evaluate the limitations and ethical dilemmas of applying participant observation and case studies to study phenomena such as prostitution, drug abuse, and smuggling in Pakistan.

Q.No.4 (20)

Pakistan’s biradari, tribal, and feudal systems are seen as barriers to modernization. Do you agree? Critically assess their role in shaping social interaction, mobility, and power structures.

Q.No.5 (20)

Social control is not merely about law and institutions; it is embedded in culture and daily life. Discuss critically how informal and formal means of social control operate in Pakistan, particularly in relation to poverty and deviance.

Q.No.6 (20)

With reference to rapid urbanization in Pakistan, critically evaluate whether urban institutions (family, education, religion) are evolving to meet new challenges or disintegrating under pressure.

Q.No.7 (20)

Social change in Pakistan is more a product of diffusion than invention. Critically analyze this statement with examples from media, technology, and cultural globalization.

Q.No.8 (20)

Pakistan is experiencing a youth bulge, migration pressures, and demographic transition. Critically evaluate whether these trends are a source of opportunity or a recipe for deepening social problems.