Current Affairs
Pakistan-Iran Relations 1 Introduction Pakistan-Iran relations are shaped by an unusual combination of geographical proximity, historical and cultural affinity, religious connections, economic interests and regional geopolitics. Pakistan and Iran share a border of approximately 909 kilometres, making Iran Pakistan’s western neighbour and an important link between South Asia, the Middle East and Central Asia. Iran…
Pakistan-India Relations 1 Introduction Pakistan-India relations are among the most consequential and complex bilateral relationships in South Asia. The two countries emerged as independent states from the partition of British India in 1947, sharing a long common history, geographical proximity, cultural connections and extensive economic and human linkages. At the same time, the relationship has…
Pakistan-Afghanistan Relations 1 Introduction Pakistan-Afghanistan relations constitute one of the most important and complex bilateral relationships in South Asia. The two countries share a long and difficult border, deep historical, cultural, religious and social linkages, and substantial economic interdependence. At the same time, their relations have repeatedly been strained by the Durand Line dispute, cross-border…
Health 1 Introduction Health is one of the most fundamental determinants of individual well-being, social stability and national development. A healthy population is better able to learn, work, participate in society and contribute to economic growth. Health is not merely the absence of disease. It encompasses physical, mental and social well-being and is influenced by…
Education 1 Introduction Education is one of the most powerful forces shaping individuals, societies and nations. It develops knowledge, skills, values, attitudes and capabilities that enable people to participate productively in economic, social, political and cultural life. Education is not limited to schools and universities. It includes the lifelong process through which individuals acquire knowledge,…
Migration and Brain Drain 1 Introduction Migration is one of the oldest and most important forms of human mobility. People move from one place to another in search of employment, education, security, better living conditions and new opportunities. Migration can occur within a country or across international borders, temporarily or permanently, voluntarily or under compulsion….
Population 1 Introduction Population is one of the most fundamental subjects in social science because people are the foundation of every economy, society and state. Population determines the size of the labour force, consumer market, tax base, demand for public services and potential human capital of a country. Population is not simply a question of…
Pakistan–United States Relations Category: International Relations Subcategory: Pakistan’s External Relations Relevant Subjects: Current Affairs, Pakistan Affairs, International Relations, History, General Knowledge 1 Introduction Pakistan–United States relations are among Pakistan’s most important bilateral relationships. Diplomatic relations were established on 15 August 1947, immediately after Pakistan’s independence. Since then, the relationship has passed through several phases of…
Introduction Yemen is a country located in the Middle East bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, and the Red Sea. Yemen has a strategic location on the Bab el-Mandeb, the strait linking the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, one of world’s most active shipping lanes. Yemen has an area of 527,970…
CPEC Introduction China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a framework of regional connectivity. CPEC is a massive bilateral project to improve infrastructure within Pakistan for better trade with China and to further integrate the countries of the region. CPEC project was launched on April 20, 2015 by Chinese President Xi Jinping and Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz…
Introduction The Rohingya are a majority-Muslim ethnic group who have lived in the Buddhist nation of Myanmar for centuries. UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres described them as “one of, if not the, most discriminated people in the world”. The Rohingya people have faced decades of systematic discrimination, statelessness and targeted violence in Rakhine State, Myanmar. Effectively…
Introduction China–Pakistan relations began in 1950 when Pakistan was among the first countries to recognize the People’s Republic of China (PRC) regime on Mainland China. Since then, both countries have placed considerable importance on the maintenance of an extremely close and supportive special relationship and the two countries have regularly exchanged high-level visits resulting in…
Introduction Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status. Human rights include the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of opinion and expression, the right to work and education, and many more. Everyone is entitled to these…
Corruption 1 Definition Corruption is the abuse of entrusted power, authority or public office for private or sectional gain. It occurs when an individual or institution uses a position of trust to obtain an improper benefit, influence a decision unfairly, or divert public resources for personal interests. Corruption is not limited to the exchange of…
Land of Palestine 1250 B.C. The Israelites (Jews or Hebrews) settle in Canaan (part of modern day Israel) after having fled slavery by the Egyptians. 1000 B.C. The Philistines battle the Israelites for control over Canaan. King David conquers the Philistine armies and makes Jerusalem the capital of the kingdom of Israel. His son, King…
Introduction The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is a permanent intergovernmental international organisation, the creation of which was announced on 15 June 2001 in Shanghai (China) by the Republic of Kazakhstan, the People’s Republic of China, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Tajikistan, and the Republic of Uzbekistan. It was preceded by the…
Commonwealth of Nations 1. Introduction The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, most of which were formerly part of the British Empire. It represents a unique global partnership built on shared history, language, legal traditions, and common values such as democracy, human rights, and the rule of law. Today, it…
Introduction Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), is an intergovernmental regional organization established in 1985 by Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey for the purpose of promoting economic, technical and cultural cooperation among the Member States. ECO is the successor organization of Regional Cooperation for Development (RCD) which remained in existence since 1964 up to 1979. In 1992, the…
Introduction United Nations (UN), international organization established on October 24, 1945. The United Nations (UN) was the second multipurpose international organization established in the 20th century that was worldwide in scope and membership. Its predecessor, the League of Nations, was created by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 and disbanded in 1946. Headquartered in New…