FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION – 2025 FOR RECRUITMENT TO POST IN BS – 17 UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT CRIMINOLOGY TIME ALLOWED: THREE HOURS PART – I (MCQs): MAXIMUM 30 MINUTES PART – I (MCQs): MAXIMUM MARKS = 20 PART – II MAXIMUM MARKS = 80 NOTE: (i) First attempt PART-I (MCQs) on separate…
FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION-2025 FOR RECRUITMENT TO POSTS IN BS-17 UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT GENDER STUDIES TIME ALLOWED: THREE HOURS PART-I (MCQs) : MAXIMUM 30 MINUTES (PART-I MCQs) MAXIMUM MARKS: 20 (PART-II) MAXIMUM MARKS: 80 NOTE: (i) First attempt PART-I (MCQs) on separate OMR Answer Sheet which shall be taken back after 30…
FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION – 2025 FOR RECRUITMENT TO POST IN BS – 17 UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT EUROPEAN HISTORY TIME ALLOWED: THREE HOURS PART-I (MCQs) : MAXIMUM 30 MINUTES (PART-I MCQs) MAXIMUM MARKS: 20 (PART-II) MAXIMUM MARKS: 80 NOTE: (i) First attempt PART-I (MCQs) on separate OMR Answer Sheet which shall be…
FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION – 2025 FOR RECRUITMENT TO POSTS IN BS-17 UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ESSAY TIME ALLOWED: THREE HOURS MAXIMUM MARKS: 100 NOTE:(i) Make an outline and write a COMPREHENSIVE ESSAY (2500-3000 words) on any ONE of the given topics. Make sure you use different forms of discourse. e.g. exposition, argumentation,…
Meaning of Community A community is a group of people who share common values, interests, customs, or a geographic area. It is often characterized by a sense of belonging and interconnectedness among its members. Communities can be formed based on various factors such as location (e.g., neighborhood communities), shared interests (e.g., hobby groups), cultural or…
Meaning of Society The term society refers to a group of individuals who share a common territory, culture, and way of life, engaging in social interactions and relationships. It is a structured community bound by shared values, norms, institutions, and traditions. Society provides a framework within which people interact, cooperate, and coexist. It encompasses a…
Ali Khan | علي خان English Version Ali Khan: The Classical Pashto Ghazal, Love and the Art of Expression Introduction Ali Khan is an important poet in the classical Pashto literary tradition, especially known for his ghazals. His poetry is valued for its treatment of love and beauty, its expressive imagery, and its skilful use…
Kazim Khan Shaida | کاظم خان شیدا English Version Kazim Khan Shaida: The Indian Style, Metaphor and Innovation in Pashto Poetry Introduction Kazim Khan Shaida is one of the most distinctive poets of classical Pashto literature. He is especially associated with the Indian style (Sabk-e Hindi), a poetic approach known for intricate metaphors, surprising comparisons,…
Rahman Baba | رحمان بابا English Version Rahman Baba: Life, Sufi Philosophy, Poetry and Literary Legacy Introduction Rahman Baba (رحمان بابا), whose name is commonly given as Abdul Rahman Mohmand, is one of the most celebrated poets in the history of Pashto literature. His poetry combines spiritual reflection, love, humility, moral wisdom and compassion for…
پښتو اولسي ادب کې سندره پښتو اولسي ادب د پښتنو د ژوند، کلتور، فکر او احساساتو هنداره ده چې د دوی ټولنیز ژوند، رسم و رواج، خوښۍ، غمونه، او مذهبي عقیدې پکې انعکاس مومي. په دې ادب کې “سندره” ځانګړې مرتبه لري. سندرې د پښتو اولسي ادب هغه ژانر دی چې د خلکو په ژبه…
Bayazid Ansari (Pir Roshan): Religious Thought, Writing and the Roshania Movement Introduction Bayazid Ansari, widely known as Pir Roshan, was a sixteenth-century religious thinker and the founder of the Roshania movement. He occupies an important but contested place in the intellectual and religious history of the Pashtun region. His legacy is closely associated with Khayr…
3.3 Abdul Hamid Baba | عبدالحمید بابا English Version Abdul Hamid Baba: Love, Sufi Thought, Beauty and Moral Wisdom Introduction Abdul Hamid Baba is one of the major poets of classical Pashto literature. Often associated with the name Abdul Hamid Mashogagar, he is remembered for a poetic voice that brings together love, beauty, spiritual reflection…
3.1 Khushal Khan Khattak | خوشحال خان خټک English Version Khushal Khan Khattak: Life, Poetry, Philosophy and Literary Legacy Introduction Khushal Khan Khattak (1613–1689) is one of the most influential figures in classical Pashto literature. He was a poet, tribal chief, warrior, thinker and writer whose work brought together personal experience, Pashtun honour, political resistance,…
پښتو اولسي ادب – بدله د پښتو ولسي ادب په پراخه نړۍ کې، بدله یوه مهمه او ځانګړې برخه ده. دا د شفاهي ادب یوه ځانګړې بڼه ده چې په شعري فورم کې وړاندې کېږي او په پښتني ټولنه کې ژوره معنوي، ټولنیزه او کلتوري ارزښت لري. په لاندې ډول د بدلې په اړه تفصیلي…
پښتو اولسي قیصې د پښتني کلتور او تاریخ یوه مهمه برخه جوړوي. دا قیصې اکثره د شفاهي ادب په ډول د نسلونو په منځ کې انتقال شوي دي. د دې قیصو ځانګړنه دا ده چې په کې د ژوند تجربې، اخلاق، مینه، غیرت، قرباني، او د حق لپاره مبارزه انځور شوي دي. د پښتو اولسي…
پښتو اولسي شاعري: نيمکۍ د پښتو ادب په پراخ ډګر کې اولسي شاعري د خلکو د احساساتو، فکرونو، او کلتوري ارزښتونو يوه ښکاره او ساده څرګندونه ده. په دې برخه کې “نيمکۍ” يو ځانګړی او مهم ځای لري، ځکه چې دا د پښتو اولسي ادب يوه مشهوره او زړه راښکونکې بڼه ده. نيمکۍ، چې په…
پښتو اولسي شاعري – چاربيته پښتو ادب د غني تاريخ او لرغوني کلتور يوه ښکلې هنداره ده چې د وخت په تېرېدو سره يې د ولس په ژوند، فرهنګ، او جذباتو اغېز څرګند کړی دی. د پښتو اولسي شاعري په بېلابېلو صنفونو کې د خلکو احساسات، فکري خوځښتونه، او ټولنيزې تجربې څرګندوي. د دې شاعري…
پښتو اولسي شاعري: ټپه ټپه د پښتو اولسي ادب تر ټولو لرغونې، مشهوره، او ژوره بڼه ده. دا د پښتني کلتور او ټولنې د احساساتو، تجربو، او د ژوند د بېلابېلو اړخونو څرګندونه کوي. ټپه نه یوازې د پښتنو د ژوند د ښکلا ښکارندویي کوي، بلکې د دوی د خوشحالۍ، غم، مینې، کرکې، او ملي…
Social Anthropology and Economic Organization Social Anthropology is the study of human societies, cultures, and their development. It explores how economic systems and practices are embedded within social relationships and cultural norms, examining the ways in which people produce, distribute, and consume goods and services within different societies. Economic Organization Economic Organization refers to the…
Kinship and Social Organization Definition of Kinship: Kinship refers to the relationships between individuals based on blood ties (consanguinity), marriage (affinity), or adoption. It is a system that defines family relationships and establishes social networks and obligations in a society. Kinship structures are foundational in organizing social life, including roles, responsibilities, inheritance, and descent. Types…