State Power, Capacity and Legitimacy Introduction A state’s ability to pursue its interests depends not only on the resources it possesses but also on its ability to convert those resources into effective governance and political outcomes. Three related concepts are particularly important: State Power concerns the ability of the state to influence outcomes. State Capacity…

National Interest and National Objectives Introduction National interest is one of the most frequently used concepts in international relations and foreign policy. It refers broadly to the interests, goals and priorities that a state seeks to protect or advance. The precise meaning of national interest varies according to political systems, historical circumstances, security conditions, economic…

Recognition, Independence and Self-Determination Introduction The concepts of recognition, independence and self-determination are central to questions concerning statehood, sovereignty and the creation or transformation of political entities. They are particularly important in understanding decolonization, secessionist movements, disputed territories and the emergence of new states. Recognition Recognition: The acknowledgment by a state or group of states…

Sovereignty and Territorial Integrity Introduction Sovereignty is one of the foundational principles of the modern international system. It concerns the authority of a state to govern itself and exercise control over its territory and population. Territorial integrity refers to the principle that a state’s territory should not be violated or unlawfully altered through external force…

State, Nation and Nation-State Introduction The concepts of state, nation and nation-state are fundamental to understanding international relations and world politics. Although these terms are often used interchangeably, they describe different political and social realities. A state is primarily a political and legal entity with territory, population, government and sovereignty. A nation is primarily a…