Q.No.4 Evaluate Pakistan’s role in regional organizations such as SAARC, ECO, and SCO. Why these organizations failed to emerge as European Union (EU)? (20) Pakistan has actively participated in several regional organizations including SAARC, ECO, and SCO. These platforms aim to enhance regional cooperation in trade, security, and development, but their effectiveness remains limited compared…
Q.No.3 Evaluate the impact of climate change on human security. How can developing countries like Pakistan mitigate and respond to the challenge at the global level? (20) Climate change has become one of the most serious threats to human security in the 21st century. It goes beyond environmental degradation and directly affects food, water, health,…
Q.No.2 What do you know about the causes of Russia-Ukraine conflict and analyze its consequences for European and global security. (20) The Russia–Ukraine conflict is one of the most significant geopolitical crises of the 21st century. It reflects deep historical tensions, security dilemmas, and competing geopolitical ambitions. Its causes are rooted in history, security architecture…
Q.No.1 Pakistan’s foreign policy is often described as reactive rather than proactive. Critically evaluate this statement with reference to relations with the U.S, China, and neighbouring states. (20) Pakistan’s foreign policy has often been characterized as largely reactive, meaning it tends to respond to external developments rather than shaping them in advance. However, this is…
KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR THE POST OF PMS OFFICER / AETO 2025 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (CURRENT AFFAIRS) Time Allowed: 03 Hours Total Marks: 100 Note:- Attempt any five questions. Q.No.1 Pakistan’s foreign policy is often described as reactive rather than proactive. Critically evaluate this statement with reference to relations with the U.S,…
Weekly Current Affairs Review Tuesday 09 June 2026 1. Pakistan Affairs (Governance, Economy, Security) 1.1 Economic Stabilization and Structural Reform Pressure Pakistan continues balancing macroeconomic stabilization with long-term reform demands. Key developments and learning points: Fiscal consolidation remains tied to revenue enhancement and tax broadening Energy sector reforms focus on circular debt containment Privatization debate…
How is terrorism and its perception shaped by the Mass Media? Detailed Outline 1. Introduction 1.1 Meaning of terrorism 1.2 Role of mass media in modern society 1.3 Link between terrorism and media perception 1.4 Thesis statement 2. Understanding Terrorism 2.1 Definition and forms of terrorism 2.2 Political, ideological, and religious dimensions 2.3 Psychological impact…
Human development and economic sustainability Detailed Outline 1. Introduction 1.1 Meaning of human development 1.2 Meaning of economic sustainability 1.3 Link between development and sustainability 1.4 Thesis statement 2. Understanding Human Development 2.1 Definition and core indicators 2.2 Human Development Index (HDI) concept 2.3 Education, health, and income dimensions 2.4 Shift from economic growth to…
Is there such a thing as ethical consumerism? Detailed Outline 1. Introduction 1.1 Meaning of consumerism 1.2 Rise of ethical concerns in consumption 1.3 Question of feasibility of ethical consumerism 1.4 Thesis statement 2. Understanding Ethical Consumerism 2.1 Definition and core idea 2.2 Types of ethical consumption 2.3 Role of consumer choice in markets 2.4…
World food systems: the economics of agriculture Detailed Outline 1. Introduction 1.1 Meaning of world food systems 1.2 Importance of agriculture in global economy 1.3 Food systems and economic interdependence 1.4 Thesis statement 2. Understanding World Food Systems 2.1 Definition and components 2.2 Production, distribution, and consumption chain 2.3 Role of agriculture in food security…
The controversial issues of feminism in contemporary women’s rights movements Detailed Outline 1. Introduction 1.1 Meaning of feminism 1.2 Evolution of women’s rights movements 1.3 Contemporary relevance of feminist debates 1.4 Thesis statement 2. Understanding Feminism 2.1 Definition and core principles 2.2 Waves of feminism 2.3 Goals of contemporary feminist movements 2.4 Diversity within feminism…
Global politics and international relations Detailed Outline 1. Introduction 1.1 Definition of global politics and international relations 1.2 Importance in the contemporary world 1.3 Interdependence among nations 1.4 Thesis statement 2. Understanding Global Politics and International Relations 2.1 Meaning and scope 2.2 Evolution of international relations 2.3 Difference between domestic and international politics 2.4 Major…
“Imagination is more important than knowledge”. Detailed Outline 1. Introduction 1.1 Meaning of imagination and knowledge 1.2 The relationship between imagination and human progress 1.3 Significance of the statement 1.4 Thesis statement 2. Understanding Knowledge and Imagination 2.1 Definition of knowledge 2.2 Definition of imagination 2.3 Differences between the two concepts 2.4 Their complementary nature…
Global trade and trade policies of China Detailed Outline 1. Introduction 1.1 Meaning of global trade 1.2 Emergence of China as a global economic power 1.3 Importance of Chinese trade policies in the global economy 1.4 Thesis statement 2. Understanding Global Trade 2.1 Definition and significance 2.2 Evolution of international trade 2.3 Globalization and economic…
Digital democracy: social media and political participation Detailed Outline 1. Introduction 1.1 Definition of digital democracy 1.2 Emergence of social media as a political tool 1.3 Relationship between technology and democratic participation 1.4 Thesis statement 2. Understanding Digital Democracy 2.1 Concept and evolution 2.2 Traditional democracy versus digital democracy 2.3 Role of information and communication…
An Analysis of the Concept of Globalization of Markets Detailed Outline 1. Introduction Definition of globalization of markets Historical evolution of global trade Emergence of integrated world markets Thesis statement 2. Understanding the Concept of Globalization of Markets Meaning and characteristics Difference between globalization of markets and globalization of production Driving forces behind market globalization…
Q.8 (a) Prospects of Regional Integration in South Asia (10 Marks) Regional integration refers to the process through which neighboring countries enhance cooperation in trade, connectivity, security, culture, and development. In South Asia, regional integration is primarily pursued through the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, which includes Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan,…
Q.7: Evaluate the Implications of the Ukraine War for Russia-Europe Energy Relations. (20 Marks) Introduction The Russia-Ukraine War has fundamentally transformed the energy relationship between Russia and Europe. For decades, Europe depended heavily on Russian oil and natural gas, while Russia relied on European markets as a major source of export revenue. This interdependence created…
Q.6: Palestine Conflict Is a Long-Standing One on the United Nations Table. Discuss Its Recent Escalation Since October 2023 and Critically Assess the Big Powers’ Reaction to It. (20 Marks) Introduction The Palestine issue remains one of the oldest unresolved conflicts on the agenda of the United Nations. Rooted in competing claims over land, identity,…
Q.5: Saudi Arabia and Iran Both Have Significant Place in Pakistan’s Foreign Policy. How Can Pakistan Maintain Friendly Relations with Both Saudi Arabia and Iran, Especially After the Mediation of China Between the Two Countries? (20 Marks) Introduction Pakistan enjoys deep-rooted relations with both Saudi Arabia and Iran, two influential powers of the Muslim world….